How Do I Prevent a Tendon Injury?

Excessive muscle fatigue or improper treatment in the acute phase, muscle imbalance caused by poor posture and deformity are called chronic muscle strain. Muscle and tendon damage are commonly associated with cervical sprains, acute lumbar sprains, chronic lumbar muscle strain, supraspinatus tendon rupture, biceps tendon rupture, quadriceps tendon rupture, and achilles tendon rupture. The general symptoms are local pain, swelling, tenderness, weakened or lost function. The treatment depends on the injury. General injuries should be rested, physiotherapy, analgesic, muscle and blood circulation drugs and functional exercises. Part of the rupture was mainly non-surgical treatment, and the injured limb was fixed in the muscle relaxation position for 3 weeks. Complete rupture should be sutured and fixed early for 4 to 6 weeks, and then physiotherapy and active and passive movements should be performed to restore muscle strength and joint function.

Muscle tendon injury

Muscle and tendon injury (muscle and tendon, injury of). External force causes muscle rupture to be called muscle rupture, and rupture of tendon starting and ending points is called tendon rupture. Repeated minor injuries or wear over a long period of time can cause tendon rupture, which is called spontaneous rupture of tendon.

Muscle and Tendon Injury

Excessive muscle fatigue or improper treatment in the acute phase, muscle imbalance caused by poor posture and deformity are called chronic muscle strain. Muscle and tendon damage are commonly associated with cervical sprains, acute lumbar sprains, chronic lumbar muscle strain, supraspinatus tendon rupture, biceps tendon rupture, quadriceps tendon rupture, and achilles tendon rupture. The general symptoms are local pain, swelling, tenderness, weakened or lost function. The treatment depends on the injury. General injuries should be rested, physiotherapy, analgesic, muscle and blood circulation drugs and functional exercises. Part of the rupture was mainly non-surgical treatment, and the injured limb was fixed in the muscle relaxation position for 3 weeks. Complete rupture should be sutured and fixed early for 4 to 6 weeks, and then physiotherapy and active and passive movements should be performed to restore muscle strength and joint function.

Muscle and tendon injury detailed description

Common motor system injuries. A complete or partial rupture of the muscle or abdominal transition caused by direct violence is called a muscle rupture. The sudden and forceful contraction of the muscle caused by external force can cause a full or partial tear at the starting and ending points of the tendon, which is called a tendon rupture. If the tendon is repeatedly subjected to minor trauma for a long time, or the tendon itself is chronicly worn, the tendon fibers degenerate and become thin. In the future, a slight sprain can cause the tendon to rupture. This is called spontaneous rupture of the tendon. Excessive muscle fatigue, improper treatment of acute sprains of the muscles, or muscular imbalance caused by poor posture and deformity are called chronic muscle strain. The common symptoms of muscle and tendon injury are local pain, swelling, tenderness, and occasional subcutaneous hemorrhage. If a muscle or tendon is broken, the function there will be weakened or lost. The treatment of muscle and tendon injury should be determined according to the degree of injury and the function of the muscle and tendon on the limb. If there is a simple sprain, you should usually rest in bed, give massage, physical therapy, if necessary, take analgesics, relax muscles and blood circulation medicine, and perform functional exercises, etc., can gradually recover. For some muscle or tendon ruptures, non-surgical treatment is the main principle. Plaster or splint is used to fix the affected limb in the relaxed position of the injured muscle, and medications for analgesia and swelling are given. Physical therapy and exercise will be performed after 3 weeks. Complete muscle or tendon rupture requires early surgical repair of sutures, external fixation with plaster for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by massage, physical therapy, and active and passive joint function exercises.

Neck muscle sprains are caused by sudden contraction of the neck muscles, twisting, or poor posture during sleep, which puts some neck muscles in an excessive tension state, causing some muscle fiber damage. Among them, sprains of the levator scapularis are more common. The function of the muscle is to lift the scapula. When the scapular is fixed, the head can be tilted back or raised to the opposite side. Poor sleep posture can cause the muscle to sprain, commonly known as falling pillow. It manifests as neck pain of the affected side, and there is obvious tenderness mainly above the scapula. In severe cases, it can cause cervical muscle spasm and a hard and tough feeling. The head and neck are tilted to one side, and the pain becomes worse when the neck is flexed forward and bent to the healthy side. Other muscle strains can also cause tenderness in different parts, and the movement of this muscle is limited. The disease has an acute onset, a short course, no bone lesions, and no symptoms such as sensory and muscle weakness. Generally, massage and physiotherapy are adopted, and closed treatment at a local tenderness point if necessary, can be cured in a short time.

Lumbar muscle injuries can be divided into acute sprains and chronic strains.

1. Acute lumbar sprain. Common cases are sprains of the soft tissues such as the lumbar back fascia and the iliac spine or partial muscle fiber tear caused by sudden twisting of the waist or weight-bearing. The sprain immediately caused severe pain in the waist and could not straighten the waist, but rigidity in a certain position made it difficult to flex and stretch the waist, and even unable to sit and walk. The lumbosacral region and one or both sides of the iliac spine are painful and have muscle spasm stiffness. There is obvious tenderness near the posterior superior spine, sacroiliac vertebra or lumbar vertebra. When the injury is severe, there is deep bleeding and local swelling. Lumbar X-ray examination is generally free of bone lesions. In terms of treatment, it is necessary to rest in bed for 1 to 2 weeks. Oral analgesics and blood circulation are taken orally. Locally marked tenderness points can be closed with adrenal corticosteroids and combined treatments such as massage and physiotherapy.

2. Chronic lumbar muscle strain. This disease is more common. Most of the acute lumbar muscle injuries are not treated in time or improperly, causing exudate fibrosis around the tissue, causing muscles, ligaments, and fascia to adhere to each other, leaving chronic low back pain. Or because of the professional relationship of bending over for a long time, the lumbar muscles are in a bad posture of tension, causing cumulative minor injuries and forming chronic lumbar muscle strain. Congenital malformations (such as lumbar vertebralization, recessive spina bifida) and kyphotic deformities of compression fractures of the lumbar spine can cause imbalance in the weight-bearing activities of the part, resulting in lumbar strain. Patients generally feel heavy back pain and slightly restricted waist movements. These symptoms can not be noticed when working nervously, and back pain reappears after work, especially after working hard or in rainy days. In acute attacks, lumbar muscle tension and marked tenderness may occur. X-ray examination of the lumbar spine is generally free of bone lesions, and occasionally a few patients have congenital spinal deformities or lip-like hyperplasia. The main treatment methods are physical therapy, massage, and back muscle exercises.

The supraspinus tendon rupture is covered by the trapezius and deltoid muscles and forms part of the rotator cuff muscles. The superior psoas muscle starts at the superior fossa of the scapula, passes through the shoulder capsule, and ends at the upper part of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. The function is to start the abduction of the upper limbs. The supraspinatus tendon rupture is more common in heavy manual workers over 40 years old. Due to the degeneration of the shoulder capsule, the supraspinalis muscle becomes fragile, or there is a poor blood supply to the tendon. Under indirect external force, the tendon of the supraspinalis muscle will tear. If you fall, your hand will support the ground and cause the tendon to break. See shoulder dislocation with tendon rupture. The causes of direct external forces are rare. When the tendon is broken, there is only slight pain, sometimes a sound can be heard, and at the same time, the shoulder is weak. Outside the large tuberosity of the humerus, there is limited tenderness under the acromion. I feel difficult when doing shoulder abduction, which is often manifested as a shrug, with abduction up to 70 °. If external force helps to make the shoulder abduction exceed 90 °, the upper arm can continue to lift. When the course of the disease is longer, the depression on the upper fossa appears. After the supraspinatus tendon rupture, the shoulder arm herringbone plaster is usually used to fix the upper arm at 90 ° abduction, 30 ° flexion, and 30-40 ° external rotation. The fixation time is not less than 6 weeks. Patients with complete rupture will need surgery to suture the tear and fix it with shoulder herringbone plaster for 6 weeks.

Biceps rupture The biceps brachii is located on the anterior side of the upper arm. The starting point is two heads and long heads that start from the sulcus of the scapula, pass through the shoulder capsule, and pass through the humerus and nodular groove. Short head from the coracoid process of the scapula. The two ends move down into the muscular abdomen, and then continue as a radial nodule that stops at the proximal end of the radius. The medial part migrates to the deep fascia of the anterior wall, called the biceps aponeurosis. Its role is mainly to make the anterior wall supination and flexion of the elbow joint.

Rupture of the biceps tendon occurs mainly in the long head tendon. If an athlete suddenly bends his elbow strongly before making the preparations before the game, the tendon ruptures due to the severe contraction of the biceps brachii, which is more common in young adults. In addition, when chronic shoulder disease, joint degeneration, biceps long head tendon has adhesion outside the capsule, or spurs on the humeral nodule, joint movement is inconvenient, at this time, minor injuries or carrying heavy objects It can cause the biceps tendon to rupture, and the patient suddenly feels tearing pain in the shoulder. The location of the break is mostly at the junction of the long head of the biceps brachii and the joint capsule. You can hear the sound of rupture, swelling below the deltoid muscle, obvious depression defects in front of the upper arm, and abdomen retraction of the biceps muscle. There was tenderness at the fracture, weakness in the upper arm, and elbow dysfunction. Rupture of the biceps brachii longus tendon in young adults should strive for early repair. In elderly patients, if the dysfunction is not serious, conservative treatment can be continued.

Quadriceps Rupture The quadriceps is the most powerful muscle in the human body. The quadriceps femoris has four heads: rectus femoris, median femoris, lateral femoris, and medial femoris. The four heads converge into a common tendon that surrounds the sacrum and continues to form a trumpet-shaped tendon, the patellar ligament. In tibia tuberosity.

Rupture of quadriceps simply is rare. Generally seen in elderly patients. When you accidentally fall, the sacrum bone prevents the affected limb from rushing directly out of the ground, and suddenly and strongly contracts the quadriceps to cause tearing. Partial tears invade and superficial layers, and complete tears invade the entire layer while the bursa is also torn. The fracture is usually at the upper edge of the sacrum, which extends from the center to the inward and outward sides into a transverse fissure. It manifested as pain, difficulty walking, knee extension disorders, and found a depression above the sacrum and the sacrum moved down. X-ray pictures sometimes show torn bone fragments above the cheekbones.

When adolescents who like sports play jumping, sometimes due to the strong contraction of the quadriceps, the tibial tuberosity of the tibial tuberosity is torn and separated, resulting in bulging of the tibial tuberosity and obvious local tenderness. Pain also develops when the knees are straightened. X-ray pictures show tears or lobes of the tibial tuberosity.

For quadriceps tears, a long leg cast can be used to fix the knee joint in the extended position for 6 weeks. Early surgical repair should be performed for complete rupture, and the plaster tray is extended and fixed for 6 weeks. The tibial tuberosity was slightly avulsed, and the plaster cast was still used to fix it. If it is completely avulsed, it needs surgical repair. The plaster support is fixed in an upright position for 6 to 8 weeks, and then physiotherapy and exercise of the quadriceps exercise.

Achilles tendon rupture The calf triceps consists of the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle. Its proximal 2/3 is a full muscle abdomen, and the remote 1/3 merges into a powerful tendon, the Achilles tendon. It is the main muscle for walking and bouncing, and its role is to make the plantar flexion.

Achilles tendon rupture can be divided into open and closed. Open patients are more common in sharp cut injuries. The skin wound and Achilles tendon rupture are all in the same plane, and the Achilles tendon stump is more neat. Closed injuries mostly occur in middle-aged people. Most of them are muscular athletes. Later, due to lack of exercise, the muscles and Achilles tendon degenerate. Once they are pulled by external forces, they will break or the muscles will suddenly abruptly when the Achilles tendon is under tension. The Achilles tendon ruptures due to force contraction, and its broken end is irregular. It is usually located at the weak point of Achilles tendon, which is equivalent to 3 ~ 4cm above the Achilles tendon stop. There is severe pain in the heel, local swelling, and depressions that can touch the break, plantar flexion dysfunction, and walking lameness.

For open Achilles tendon rupture, emergency surgical repair should be performed. Although the closed fresh Achilles tendon stump is not uniform, it is also advisable to surgically repair the stump and overlap suture as soon as possible. For old rupture, tendon elongation is usually used because of Achilles tendon shortening, or suture is repaired with broad fascia. The long knee cast was used to fix the knee joint in flexion and the ankle in the plantar flexion postoperatively. After 3 weeks, the short cast was replaced to fix the ankle joint in the neutral position. After 6 weeks, the ankle joint was practiced.