What are Antioxidants?

Antioxidants are substances that prevent the adverse effects of oxygen. It is a class of substances that can help capture and neutralize free radicals, thereby eliminating free radical damage to the human body.

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It has excellent antioxidant effect; It is non-toxic and harmless itself and its decomposition products; It has good stability, can coexist with food, and has sensory properties (including color, fragrance, taste, etc.) to the food; easy to use and cheap ^[1]

(1) Antioxidants can be divided into artificial antioxidants (such as BHA, BHT, PG, etc.) and natural antioxidants (such as tea polyphenols, phytic acid, etc.) according to their sources.

(2) Antioxidants can be divided into three categories: oil solubility, water solubility and compatibility according to solubility. Oil-soluble antioxidants include BHA and BHT; water-soluble antioxidants include ascorbic acid and tea polyphenols; compatible antioxidants include ascorbyl palmitate.

(3) Antioxidants can be divided into free radical absorbers, metal ion sequestrants, oxygen scavengers, peroxide decomposers, enzyme antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers or singlet oxygen quenchers according to their mode of action.

Commonly used antioxidants are tea polyphenols (TP), tocopherols, flavones, butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), etc. ^[1]

Fully understand the performance of antioxidants; correctly grasp the timing of adding antioxidants; the combined use of antioxidants and synergists, stabilizers; choose the appropriate amount of addition; control the factors that affect the effect of antioxidants ^[1]

(1) Reduce the oxygen content in and around food through the reduction reaction of antioxidants. Some antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid itself are easily oxidized, which can make the oxygen in food react with it first, thereby avoiding the oxidation of oils and fats. .

(2) Antioxidant releases hydrogen atoms to combine with the peroxide produced by the auto-oxidation reaction of oil and fat, interrupting the chain reaction, thereby preventing the oxidation process from continuing.

(3) By destroying and weakening the activity of the oxidase, it cannot make the oxidation reaction proceed.

(4) Seal materials that can catalyze and cause oxidation reactions, such as complexing metal ions that can catalyze oxidation reactions, etc. ^[1]

Antioxidants, which act as reducing agents, can also play the role of pro-oxidant. For example, vitamin C plays an antioxidant role by reducing oxidizing hydrogen peroxide, but vitamin C can also pass

Inappropriate supplementation of certain antioxidants can cause disease and increase the risk of death. It is hypothesized that free radicals in the body can induce endogenous reactions to fight exogenous free radicals (and possibly other toxic substances) to protect the body. Recent experimental evidence is also strong indeed indeed, the induction of endogenous free radical production makes

Overview

Like chemical antioxidants, there are multiple antioxidant enzyme interactions

The passive doctrine of aging states that aging is a random process that occurs in the body over time. It first appears on enzymes, and then causes changes in DNA and RNA, which leads to inaccurate enzymes. Make the cycle go wrong, disaster and death. This random change is that the accumulation of damage caused by oxygen free radicals defeats the body's repair ability, resulting in changes or even loss of cell differentiation. Antioxidants in the body are the main factors that eliminate this damage and stabilize the state of cell differentiation. If this argument holds, the amount and activity of antioxidants in the body should be related to the lifespan of the species.

1. Superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and the natural lifespan of species

SOD is the most important protective enzyme in the body to prevent oxygen free radical damage. It can make disproportionation

Antioxidation is not just a concept. The antioxidative effect on living organisms can be quantified. As an animal experiment, it is common to take antioxidants for a certain period of time to determine the level of esters in the blood.

1. Antioxidant 1010 . White fluid powder, melting point 120 ~ 125 , low toxicity, is a good antioxidant. He is widely used in polypropylene resins. It is an additive with high thermal stability and very suitable for high temperature conditions. It can prolong the service life of products. In addition, it can also be used in most other resins. Generally added amount is not more than 0.5%

2. Antioxidant 1076 . White or slightly yellow crystalline powder, melting point is 50 ~ 55 , non-toxic, insoluble in water, soluble in solvents such as benzene, acetone, ethane and esters. Can be used as an antioxidant for polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, ABS and acrylic resins. With good oxygen resistance, low volatility, washing resistance and other characteristics. The general dosage is not more than 0.5%; it can be used as an auxiliary for the molding of food packaging materials.

3. Antioxidant CA. White crystalline powder, melting point 180 ~ 188 , low toxicity, soluble in acetone, ethanol, toluene and ethyl acetate. It is suitable for antioxidant additives in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS and polyamide resins, and can be used for wires and cables in contact with the same. General dosage does not exceed 0.5%

4. Antioxidant 168. White crystalline powder, melting point 183-186 , non-toxic, good compatibility with resin, and has low volatility, resistance to extraction and non-pollution and color. It is currently the best processing stabilizer in China. It can effectively prevent the thermal degradation of polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) during extrusion injection molding, so that the polymers retain their original mechanical properties and aging resistance.

5. Antioxidant 164 . White or light yellow crystalline powder or flakes. Melting point is 70 ° C, boiling point is around 260 ° C, non-toxic. Used in a variety of resins for a wide range of applications. More suitable for food packaging materials (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polyester and polystyrene) resins, the general dosage is 0.01% ~ 0.5%

6. Antioxidant DNP . Light gray powder with a melting point of about 230 ° C. It is easily soluble in aniline and nitrobenzene and insoluble in water. Suitable for polyethylene and polypropylene. Impact-resistant polystyrene and ABS resin, in addition to having anti-oxidant performance, also has good thermal stability and inhibits the effects of copper and lemon metal. General dosage should not exceed 2%

7. Antioxidant DLTP . White crystalline powder with melting point around 40 , low toxicity, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride and acetone. Auxiliary antioxidants for polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS and polyvinyl chloride resins, which can change the heat resistance and oxidation resistance of products. General dosage is 0.05% ~ 1.5%

8. Antioxidant TNP . It is a light yellow viscous liquid with a freezing point below -5 ° C and a boiling point above 105 ° C. It is odorless, non-toxic, insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and ethanol. Benzene and carbon tetrachloride. Suitable for polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, impact-resistant polystyrene, ABS, polyester and other resins, high oxidation resistance at high temperatures, the amount used does not exceed 1.5%.

9. Antioxidant TPP . Light yellow transparent liquid with freezing point of 19 ~ 24 and boiling point of 220 , soluble in alcohol, benzene and acetone. Auxiliary antioxidant suitable for polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene and ABS resin, the amount of use should not exceed 3%.

10. Antioxidant MB . Light yellow powder, melting point is greater than 285 , soluble

1. Experimental Study on Antioxidant Function of Natural Astaxanthin Soft Capsules

[Abstract]: [Objective] To explore the antioxidant effect of natural astaxanthin soft capsules on human body. [Method] 106 healthy volunteers aged 45 to 65 years were randomly divided into test group and control group according to the serum malondialdehyde content, and the test group continuously took the test substance for 90 days. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity and safety indicators of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were measured. [Result] The content of MDA in the test group decreased significantly after the test, and the difference between before and after the test was statistically significant (P 0.01), with a decrease rate of 3.25%; the activity of SOD was significantly increased, and the difference between before and after the test was statistically significant (P ( 0.01), the increase rate was 4.59%; GSH-PX activity was significantly increased, and there was a statistically significant difference before and after itself (P 0.01), the increase rate was 5.54%. There were no significant changes before and after each safety index test. [Conclusion] Natural astaxanthin soft capsule has anti-oxidant effect on human body.

2. Anti-oxidation of baicalin in vitro

Abstract: Objective To study the anti-oxidative effect of baicalin in vitro. Methods The baicalin solutions with different concentrations were measured, and the baicalin free radical scavenging ability was measured by DPPH method. Production to determine the effect of baicalin on xanthine oxidase activity, etc. Result baicalin has a significant total antioxidant capacity, and has a significant dose-effect relationship; baicalin has a better ability to scavenge free radicals and superoxide anions; In addition, baicalin has an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase (XOD), and the content of uric acid produced by xanthine oxidase catalyzing the oxidation of xanthine decreases with the increase of baicalin concentration. Conclusion Baicalin can directly remove free radicals, superoxide anions, etc. Oxygen free radicals, which inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, are good antioxidants.