What Are Common Causes of Back Pain and Constipation?
The postpartum diet is as usual, but if the stool does not work for a few days or when the stool is dry and painful, it is difficult to be resolved.
Postpartum constipation
- The postpartum diet is as usual, but if the stool does not work for a few days or when the stool is dry and painful, and it is difficult to resolve, it is called postpartum constipation, or postpartum difficulty is one of the most common postpartum diseases.
Postpartum Constipation Causes of Postpartum Constipation
- The cause of this disease is mainly postpartum death and blood loss, intestinal degeneration; or the deficiency of qi and qi due to yang, and the qi deficiency is unable to push the stool, and it is difficult to stagnate in the colon. According to its clinical manifestations, it can be divided into three types: blood deficiency and intestinal dryness, yin deficiency and fire, and qi and blood weakness. Therefore, the diet and medicated diet focuses on nourishing the blood and nourishing the yin, and moistening the bowels. Blood deficiency and intestinal dryness, postpartum dry stools, incomprehensible number, or astringent during solution, but the diet is normal, the abdomen is not painful, the complexion is pale, the tongue is thin, and the pulse is astringent. The yin deficiency and fire are strong, the postpartum stools are dry, and it is difficult to understand after a few days. The abdomen is full and swollen, and the hands and feet are hot. Qi and blood deficiency, difficult stools, asthma and spontaneous sweating, dizziness, mental fatigue, pale tongue, large pulses.
- There are four reasons for postpartum constipation:
- 1. Due to weakened gastrointestinal function during the puerperium period, slow bowel movements, and intestinal contents stay in the bowel for a long time, resulting in dry stool due to water absorption.
- 2. Excessive expansion of the abdomen after pregnancy makes the abdominal muscles and pelvic floor tissues relax, and the defecation strength is weakened.
- 3. The weak defecation strength of the postpartum body weakens. Therefore, constipation often occurs postpartum.
- 4, the diet structure is unreasonable, eat less vegetables and fruits.
- The main causes of postpartum constipation are reduced gastrointestinal function, slow peristalsis, intestinal contents staying too long, and excessive absorption of water. Secondly, during pregnancy, the muscles of the abdominal wall and pelvic floor are insufficiently contracted. Third, in the late stage of labor, the perineum and pelvis are more or less injured, and the defecation action is suppressed through nerve reflexes. Fourth, the postpartum diet is too particular about the so-called high nutrition, lack of fiber, and reduced food residue. Fifth, it is inconvenient to get out of bed, and many mothers are not accustomed to defecation using bedpans in bed.
Postpartum constipation
- 1. Before caesarean section, in order to prevent bacterial and viral infections, antibiotic drugs are often injected, resulting in changes in the living environment of the intestinal flora. Therefore, pay attention to the diversity of diet, food contains a lot of probiotics. "Stagnation and Disease" published by China Social Sciences Press pointed out that the detoxification of the human body depends on the health of the organs and the gastrointestinal tract. The book lists Sanjidan prepared with various natural ingredients that Xinjiang herdsmen like to eat. It does not have a direct laxative effect, but relieves constipation by replenishing organ functions and restoring the ability of the intestine to clean itself.
- 2. Pay attention to the diet structure and eat more fiber-containing foods, such as vegetables and fruits. One thing to note is that you should not eat bananas that are not fully cooked. Bananas that are not fully cooked will have an astringent effect on the intestines and cause constipation.
- 3, strengthen postpartum exercise, do not stay out of bed for 1 month postpartum, this will slow down metabolism and also easily cause constipation. It is necessary to take appropriate activities, insist on post-natal exercises, and develop a good habit of regular bowel movements.
- 4. When the stool has become secreted and cannot be excreted, use Kaisailu. After the stool has softened, it can be excreted.
Postpartum constipation prevention
- Maternal constipation can be prevented. Through body movement, it can promote bowel movements and help restore muscle tension. A healthy, maternity mother can start getting out of bed the next day after giving birth, increasing her time and range of activities every day. You can also do postpartum gymnastics on the bed, do anal contraction exercises, exercise the pelvic floor muscles, and promote blood flow in the anus. The method is to do a bowel movement, lift the anus up, and relax. Once in the morning and evening, 10--30 times each time. The maternal diet should be properly matched, combined with vegetarian food, and eat some fresh vegetables and fruits appropriately. Eat less irritating foods such as peppers, peppers, and mustard, especially not drinking alcohol. Sesame oil and honey have a laxative effect and should be eaten appropriately after delivery. Pay attention to maintaining regular bowel movements every day. If you have more severe constipation, you can use laxatives.
- Supplement: Some fruits can cause baby diarrhea after eating. Consuming honey can solve this problem.
How to prevent postpartum constipation
- 2. Maternity should generally eat high-protein foods such as chicken, duck, eggs, etc. If you eat high-protein foods, you should also reasonably match some foods that contain more fiber, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. In order to provide more food residues, this is not only conducive to nutritional enrichment, but also conducive to smooth stool.
- 3. Maternal should drink more water. Maternal blood loss, lochia discharge from time to time, so you need to add water. Such as boiled water, salt water, vegetable soup, soy milk, another juice and so on.
- 4. Eat more vegetable oil. Such as sesame oil, peanut oil, beans, oil and so on. Vegetable oil can directly moisturize the intestines, and the fatty acids broken down in the intestines can still stimulate intestinal peristalsis6.
- 5. It is necessary to appropriately choose to consume "gas-producing" foods, such as beans, sweet potatoes, and potatoes.
7 7 tips to overcome postpartum constipation
Good postnatal constipation has a great effect
- As a special period of puerperium, the progesterone in the body drops sharply, coupled with the arrival of a new life, these bring various maladjustments to the new mother. New mothers should learn to change roles as soon as possible, such as not eating vegetables and drinking soup in the past, then they need to change now.
- Diet recommendations:
- Eat more fiber-rich foods such as potato, coarse grains, celery and other green leafy vegetables. Eat more water-rich foods such as Sydney and other water-rich fruits.
- Eat more foods that promote bowel movements such as honey, bananas, taro, and apples.
- Eat more foods rich in organic acids, such as yogurt, to increase digestion and laxative function, you can drink it often.
- Eat fatty foods such as peanuts, pine nuts, black sesame seeds, and sunflower seeds.
Postpartum Constipation
- The milk soup usually contains a certain amount of oil, which can play a role in lubricating the intestines and promoting defecation.
Postpartum constipation makes full use of natural plant laxatives
- While ensuring high protein, be sure to eat more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, such as bananas, leeks, celery, and so on.
Delicious postpartum constipation
- Easily solve the "secret"
- Some women's stools are not dry, but they are not easy to resolve. Each time they have a bowel movement, they are forced to breathe, but they are not exhausted. Usually, palpitation, shortness of breath, weakness of the whole body, and laziness, you can choose beef, rabbit meat, milk, peanuts, cooked soybeans, honey, sweet potatoes, sesame and other foods that have the effect of nourishing qi and intestines. For example, cut beef and rabbit meat into small pieces, add soybeans and rice to make porridge. While performing diet, you should also develop the habit of regular bowel movements. Even if you can't urinate, you should sit on the toilet for a while. Over time, you will form conditioned reflexes and develop the habit of regular bowel movements.
- Delicious recipes for effective treatment of constipation
- (1), wormwood soup
- Take 250 grams of fresh Artemisia angustifolia and make it as a dish or soup to help treat constipation.
- (2), Celery Wonton White Soup
- Fresh scallion, dried celery, and decoction can help treat constipation.
- (3), rape juice
- Wash the fresh rapeseed, tamp the juice to help treat constipation.
- 5. Don't be lazy, get out of bed early
- Generally, the mother will sit up 6-8 hours after natural delivery, perform some turning activities, take a variety of sleeping or sitting positions, or gently massage the lower abdomen by herself. On the second day, go back and forth indoors, it is advisable not to fatigue, but avoid squatting and standing for a long time. For those without comorbidities in cesarean section, try to walk indoors on the second day after delivery. If there are comorbidities, follow the doctor's requirements.
- Early going to the ground and early activities not only facilitate the excretion of lochia, but also help the intestinal tract to resume peristalsis and prevent urinary retention and constipation.
- 6. Work and rest must be combined to ensure adequate rest
- Getting enough sleep is the foundation of everything, such as plenty of milk, preventing postpartum depression and constipation. Therefore, as a mother, you should gradually transfer other tasks to the rest of the family and adjust your biological clock to match the baby. When he sleeps, you quickly hurry up and he wakes up and starts to "work".
- 7, simple rectal movement
- An effective anus lifting exercise-Kegel exercise, as long as the method is correct and persistent, the success rate of constipation treatment can reach about 70%, and whether it is sitting, lying or even standing, it can be easily operated. Kegel exercises mainly exercise the levator muscle (a smooth muscle that surrounds the rectum and the anal canal and contracts during defecation to ensure that the anus is open). Normal births start on the second day of delivery.
Postpartum constipation
- Anesthesia is used for surgery, which can lead to intestinal paralysis and constipation. After the abdominal cavity is opened, the intestines are exposed to the air, and some people may cause the intestines to stick to you. Bananas are mashed and heated in the microwave and eaten every day! Drink plenty of water and massage your lower abdomen clockwise. .
Postpartum constipation
- After delivery, the parturient should move properly and not stay in bed for long. During the first two days after giving birth, you should turn around frequently and sit up when you eat. Get out of bed after two days. Drink more soup and water on your diet. Daily
- (1) Onion flavored milk:
- 250 grams of milk, 60 grams of honey, and a little onion juice. Mix the shallot juice and honey into the milk and boil, and use low heat for more than 10 minutes. Can increase fluid and intestines, smooth bowel and laxative. Postpartum constipation can be used, which also has a certain effect on habitual constipation.
- (2) Fragrant honey tea:
- 65 grams of honey and 35 ml of sesame oil. Mix the sesame oil and honey and add boiling water to prepare the serving. Morning and evening. It can moisturize the intestines and increase fluids, smooth intestines, and have a certain effect on those with postpartum constipation.
- (3) Perilla porridge:
- 20 grams of perilla seeds and hemp seeds, 200 grams of japonica rice and 30 grams of sugar. After smashing the perilla seeds and hemp seeds, add water and stir, take the juice and put it in the pot, add the washed rice and porridge to eat. It can stagnate qi and stagnate laxative, nourishing qi and stomach. It is suitable for postpartum constipation, because Shizuzi is added to the diet. More suitable for those who have abdominal distension.
- (4) Stewed Ginseng:
- Sea cucumber and pig large intestine are each 200 grams, and black fungus is 50 grams. 5 grams each of shallots and ginger, 10 grams of soy sauce and 50 grams of cooking wine. Boil water in the pot, boil the sea cucumber and the large intestine that have been made, washed, and cut into strips. Put the large intestine in the pot and boil it with water until cooked. Put sea cucumber, spring onion, ginger, cooking wine, soy sauce, Cook until the sea cucumber and large intestine are rancid and add the fungus, then cook until the fungus is cooked. Can nourish yin and clear fire, and intestinal laxative. For postpartum yin and blood weakness, deficiency of fire, internal burning, dry stool.
Dietary methods for preventing postpartum constipation
- 1. The diet is rich and varied, and it is well matched. When eating more vegetables and fruits, supplement some high-protein foods, such as tofu and a small amount of lean meat.
- 2. Eat more vegetables and fruits, but avoid eating food that is too cold or too cold, especially you ca nt directly eat the fruits that you just took out of the refrigerator, soak them in warm water before eating.
- 3. Drink more soup. Maternity should try to eat some digestible and intestinal laxative foods, among which soup foods are preferred, such as porridge, noodle soup, rice soup, egg soup, etc., can help the maternal laxative. In addition, pork trotter soup is also a good choice, which can not only feed milk, but also bowel.
Postpartum constipation
- How to deal with postpartum constipation has always been a big problem that is difficult to overcome. What to do with postpartum constipation?
- 1. Don't lie still for a long time. Postpartum women should not stay in bed for a long time. Instead, they should increase their activity appropriately. They should turn around frequently during the first two days, sit up at meals, and get out of bed after two days.
- 2. Adjust the diet structure. Daily meals should be properly equipped with a certain proportion of miscellaneous grains, and coarse and fine grains should be used to diversify the staple food. While eating meat and egg foods, pay attention to ingesting fresh vegetables and fruits with high fiber content. Vegetables include spinach, celery, onion, bitter gourd, water spinach, and chives. Fruits include bananas, apples, pears, and apricots. Drink plenty of soup.
- 3. Stay optimistic. Bad mood will reduce the amount of gastric acid secretion, slow down the gastrointestinal motility, usually keep the spirit happy, feel comfortable, and avoid bad mental stimulation.
- 4, diet and intestinal laxative.
- 5. Drug-assisted defecation. The Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicines that are gentle and slow diarrhea are better. It is forbidden to attack the medicines so as not to damage the righteousness.
- What to do with postpartum constipation? If you have an antenatal enema, you should have a bowel movement 2-3 days after giving birth. If you haven't had an enemas before, you may have a bowel movement for 1-2 days. Once the stool is not resolved for more than 3 days postpartum, you should pay attention to the occurrence of constipation; if constipation persists for more than 3 days, you must ask your doctor to deal with it appropriately.
The causes and countermeasures of postpartum constipation
- Causes of postpartum constipation
- Due to the enlargement of the uterus in the late pregnancy, the muscles of the abdomen and pelvis are swollen by the uterus, and some muscle fibers are broken and contracted weakly, resulting in weakened abdominal pressure. Coupled with physical weakness, can not rely on abdominal pressure to assist in defecation. Defecation is very difficult.
- During the postpartum days, I have been bed-ridden, my activity is reduced, my bowel movements are not active, and my bowel movements are difficult.
- Within a few days after the birth, the diet was monotonous and lacked fiber foods, especially crude cellulose, which reduced the stimulation of bowel movements.
- Countermeasure
- Proper postpartum activities, not staying in bed for long. In the first two days, you should turn around and sit up while eating. You can get out of bed after two days.
- Drink more soup and water. Every day, you should mix coarse and fine grains. When you eat meat and eggs, you should also eat some fresh vegetables and fruits.
- Stay mentally happy and avoid bad mental stimulation.
Postpartum Constipation Harm of Postpartum Constipation
- The causes of maternal constipation are, on the one hand, prolonged bed rest after childbirth, little movement, slowed bowel movements, and expansion of the abdominal wall during pregnancy, postpartum laxity and decreased abdominal pressure. This will make the contents of the intestine stagnate easily in the intestinal cavity, making it difficult to excrete. On the other hand, what is more important is that the postpartum diet is not appropriate, too much fine food is eaten, and fiber-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits are not eaten or rarely eaten. Some people also drink less water. This will inevitably lead to constipation and induce anal fissure.
- The main symptom of anal fissure is pain in the stool. In severe cases, the pain can last for several hours, which makes the patient afraid of stool. As a result, the stool stays in the intestinal cavity for longer and drier. The next time you defecate, it forms a vicious circle. Misery.
- Therefore, women should pay attention to anal fissure postpartum. This should first pay attention to participate in some activities as much as possible during pregnancy (unless there are activity contraindications) generally do not rest in bed all day. During pregnancy, you can take appropriate activities under the guidance of a doctor. More importantly, you should eat properly. In addition to eating chicken, meat, fish, eggs and other foods, you should also eat some vegetables, fruits and whole grains, beans and their products, and sweet potatoes. You can also eat some. Drink plenty of water and soup to keep your body hydrated. Of course, spicy hot food is not suitable for eating.
- Those who already have constipation can take some laxatives appropriately. If the guide is 1-2 pieces per night, or use a little diarrhea leaf to soak water as tea, you can also use Kaisai Lusai anal laxative. If an anal fissure has occurred, you should seek medical treatment in time.
Postpartum constipation daily care
- 1. Appropriately go to the ground for exercise, do not stay in bed for a long time, and move around in the room, which can effectively promote the peristalsis of the intestine, which can effectively promote the will. In addition, when lying in bed, do more anus lifting exercises to promote blood circulation in the anus.
- 2, pay attention to diet, try to achieve the diversity of staple foods, drink more soup, drink more water. The mix of coarse and fine grains should be rationalized. When eating meat and protein, pay attention to eat more fruits and vegetables, and do not eat some spicy and irritating food.
- 3, to maintain a peaceful state of mind, to maintain a comfortable mood, to avoid excessive adverse emotions, because the negative emotions will lead to a decrease in gastric acid secretion, which is likely to cause constipation.
- 4, develop a good bowel habit, women are best to get up early in the morning every morning after drinking a cup of water to moisturize the bowel.
- 5. If the constipation of pregnant women is really serious, it is recommended that you go to a regular hospital in time for examination and treatment. [1]
Postpartum constipation side effects of postpartum constipation
- 1. For beauty-loving people, suffering from constipation is terrible, because it will affect the beauty, bring toxins to the patient's body, and there will be acne and other diseases.
- 2. When constipation occurs, some toxins can swell the large intestine, so the blood circulation of the lower body of the patient is slowed down, affecting the aesthetic appearance of the patient.
- 3. Patients may also experience body odor, sometimes only local body odor, and bad breath is one of them.
- 4. There may also be dysmenorrhea, which makes patients unable to work and live in peace of mind. [2]
6 6 major hazards of postpartum constipation
- Don't ignore the harm caused by postpartum constipation. If the new mommy has long-term constipation, it will seriously affect the postpartum physical recovery, even cause new diseases, and it will also affect the baby's health-
- Harm 1: loss of appetite
- Constipation slows intestinal emptying, slows metabolism, and the new mommy will feel full in the abdomen, fullness and discomfort after meals, and loss of appetite. Prolonged loss of appetite can cause malnutrition, anemia, and decreased immunity.
- Hazard 2: Accumulation and absorption of toxins
- The feces stay in the intestine for too long, and some of the harmful toxins gradually accumulate, and some of them are inevitably absorbed by the intestinal wall. They enter the body through the vein circulation, causing mild toxemia, which not only affects the health of the new mummy, but also Affects baby's health through breastfeeding.
- Hazard 3: Impede blood circulation to the pelvis
- The slowing of intestinal peristalsis slows down the blood circulation of the pelvic cavity, which is not conducive to the rehabilitation of the postpartum reproductive system of new moms, and will also affect the recovery of postpartum sexual life.
- Hazard 4: Anal fissures and hemorrhoids
- Persistent constipation causes pelvic and perianal blood reflux disorders, and most of them will form anal fissures and hemorrhoids. The high incidence of hemorrhoids in women is due to postpartum constipation.
- Harm 5: Emotional irritability
- Constipation can make people anxious. This is an experience that many people have experienced. The new mummy itself is in a psychologically sensitive period, and constipation is more likely to cause abnormal emotional reactions, upset, irritability, and sometimes anger and sadness, so constipation can be said to be a potential enemy of mental health.
- Harm 6: Endocrine changes
- Long-term constipation causes changes in the endocrine system, disorders in the menstrual cycle, skin pigmentation, and produces melasma and acne. It also mutates breast tissue cells and increases the possibility of breast cancer. Scientific statistics show that women with chronic constipation are 20% more likely to develop breast cancer than normal women. [3]
Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Postpartum Constipation
Postpartum constipation prescription 1
- Composition: Codonopsis sibiricum 60g Chicken Blood Vinegar 18g Raw Astragalus 60g Fried Cimicifuga 24g Angelica 10g Fragrant with 10g Guangmuxiang 10g Betel Nut 10g Nine Fragrant Worm 10g Groundworm 9g Motherwort 24g Antler 24 24 grams of fish gelatine function: nourishing qi and nourishing blood, supplemented by qi and qi. Indications: Postpartum stool caused by qi and blood loss and stagnation. The symptoms are pale, dizziness, palpitations, abdominal pain, thin white fur, and heavy pulses.
Postpartum Constipation Test II
- Composition: Angelica, 15 grams of white peony, 12 grams of Pseudostellariae, 15 grams of peach kernels, 9 grams of Ophiopogon, 12 grams of Cistanche, 15 grams of Asparagus, 12 grams of safflower, 6 grams of melissa, 12 grams of radix, and 6 grams of licorice. Function: nourishing, moistening and laxative. Indications: Postpartum constipation. Symptoms see postpartum dry stools, unresolvable for several days, or difficulty in resolving, but no abdominal pain, diet as usual, pale skin, moist skin, pale tongue, thin fur, and pulsed strings. Fang Jie This prescription is mostly due to postpartum blood loss and injury, Yin fluid can not moisturize the intestines, making intestinal dryness difficult. Radix Pseudostellariae Radix Yiqi Shengjin; Gui, Zhi, Di Ziyin and nourishing blood; Gua Ren, Er Dong Sheng Jin Runchang; Cistanche Yishen Runchang intestine; peach kernel, safflower, promoting blood circulation and moistening; licorice, Ganping, and emollient Tonic blood. The whole prescription replenishes yin and blood, and the effect of Shengjin fluid makes the blood flourish, while the intestines moisten the stool.
Postpartum constipation principles of dietary support
- In constipation, both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine use catharsis and laxative. However, most women postpartum are weak and lose fluids, so they cannot use laxatives. They should only use laxatives such as paraffin oil and fruit juice, or directly use ketene or warm soapy water enema. However, paraffin oil has a light taste and heavy oily taste, which is difficult to import, and regular clothes can also affect appetite; Kaisailu is not ideal for constipation with dry stool; and the soapy water enema method is more difficult to implement in ordinary households. Therefore, in terms of postpartum constipation, the use of dietary methods to treat diseases and increase nutrition can serve two purposes.
- For women with constipation and anaemia with pale or pale complexion, dizziness, tinnitus, and golden eyes, take longan fried eggs, or choose oyster meat, beef, milk, spinach, mulberry, honey , Sweet potatoes and other foods have the functions of nourishing blood, soothing, moistening and smoothing intestines.
- Some women's stools are not dry, but they are not easy to resolve. Each time they have a bowel movement, they are forced to breathe, but they are not exhausted. Usually, palpitation, shortness of breath, weakness of the whole body, and laziness, you can choose beef, rabbit meat, milk, peanuts, cooked soybeans, honey, sweet potatoes, sesame and other foods that have the effect of nourishing qi and intestines. For example, cut beef and rabbit meat into small pieces, add soybeans and rice to make porridge.
- While performing diet, you should also develop the habit of regular bowel movements. Even if you can't urinate, you should sit on the toilet for a while. Over time, you will form conditioned reflexes and develop the habit of regular bowel movements.
Postpartum constipation
- Adjust their
- As a special period of puerperium, the progesterone in the body drops sharply, coupled with the arrival of a new life, these bring various maladjustments to the new mother. New mothers should learn to change roles as quickly as possible, such as not eating vegetables and drinking soup in the past, but now they need to change.
- Learn to rest
- Getting enough sleep is the foundation of everything, such as plenty of milk, preventing postpartum depression and constipation. Therefore, as a mother, you should gradually transfer other tasks to the rest of the family and adjust your biological clock to match the baby. When he sleeps, you quickly hurry up and he wakes up and starts to "work".
- Not bed, hard work
- Generally, the mother will sit up 6-8 hours after natural childbirth, perform some turning activities, take a variety of sleeping or sitting positions, or gently massage the lower abdomen by herself; go to the ground on the second day and walk around indoors and it is advisable not to fatigue. But avoid squatting and standing for a long time. For those without comorbidities in cesarean section, try to walk indoors on the second day after delivery. If there are comorbidities, follow the doctor's requirements, and do not get out of bed prematurely.
- Early going to the ground and early activities not only facilitate the excretion of lochia, but also help the intestinal tract to resume peristalsis and prevent urinary retention and constipation.
- Soup is a treasure
- The milk soup usually contains a certain amount of oil, which can play a role in lubricating the intestines and promoting defecation.
- Make the most of natural plant laxatives
- While ensuring high protein, be sure to eat more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, such as bananas, leeks, celery, and so on. Effective anal lift
- An effective anus lifting exercise -Kegel exercise, as long as the method is correct and persistent, the success rate of constipation treatment can reach about 70%, and whether it is sitting, lying or even standing, it can be easily operated. Kegel exercises mainly exercise the levator muscle (a smooth muscle that surrounds the rectum and the anal canal and contracts during defecation to ensure that the anus is open). Normal births start on the second day of delivery.
- The specific operation of Kegel motion is as follows:
- 1. Lie on your back with your knees bent, similar to the position for a gynecological examination before giving birth.
- 2. Contract the muscles of the pelvic floor, just like the usual action of abruptly holding back halfway through urination.
- 3. Continue contracting for about 10 seconds, then relax for another 10 seconds. Repeat this 15 times, once a day.
- Important points: The posture and force must be correct. Except for the anus levator muscle group, the abdominal thighs and hips do not require force. The number of exercises and contraction intensity depends on the maternal constitution and the surgical situation.