What are the dominant genetic disorders?

Dominant genetic disorders are diseases that require only one defective copy of the gene to be handed over from parent to child. This means that only one parent with a defective gene requires that the disorder will be inherited. Disorders such as these have 50% chance of handing over from parent to child. For a clearer example, two out of four offspring of the affected parent are likely to get a disorder. This mutation often happens in the early stages of pregnancy, when 13 mother's chromosomes are binding along with three other father chromosomes and creating a cell that contains 26 chromosomes. During this phase, when the cells are copied, there is an error that leads to missing or extra chromosome, resulting in genetic disorder. Disorders such as these are specifically called autosomal dominant disorders. One example would be Huntington's disease in which the mutation appears on the "chromosome 4." Other examples include Marfan's disease that causes a person to be unusually highOkay, and achondroplasia, the opposite of Marfan's disease, resulting in a dwarf.

Another specific type of dominant disorders is "dominant genetic disorders associated with X", where only X chromosomes experience mutation. In these cases, men are more susceptible to the transmission and inheritance of these disorders and show worse symptoms compared to women. The reason is that women have two X chromosomes in which a defined copy is somehow "protected" by a non-perfect copy of X chromosome. On the other hand, men have X and Y chromosomes, so one X chromosome has no protection.

The transmission of dominant X -related disorders may depend on the affected parent. Usually a male parent carrying a mutated chromosome x does not pass a disorder on the offspring of the male because the man transmits the chromosome Y to the next generation of men. The woman of the offspring instead of all gains illness. There will always be a 50% chance of handing over the disorder on the affected womenKy and women. In some cases, the offspring inherits and becomes a "carrier" for disease, but does not necessarily manifest symptoms.

Examples of dominant X -related disorders are Rett Syndrome, which has shorter limbs and smaller head and incontinentia pigmenti, which includes skin and hair coloring. In general, all dominant genetic disorders tend to be rare, mainly because disabled patients usually die at an early age and are therefore unable to produce children. On occasions where patients give birth, offspprosen is also most likely to die young.