What Are the Different L-Carnitine Side Effects?

Has a pleasant acid smell. Soluble in water, not soluble in organic solvents. L-carnitine is a type of amino acid that promotes the conversion of fat into energy, has no toxic side effects on the human body, and is especially suitable for people to do aerobic exercise to reduce fat. The effect is relatively obvious. Used in medicines and health products, food additives, etc.

Chinese name: L-carnitine tartrate
English name: L-Carnitine-L-Tartrate

Chemical formula: C11H18NO8
Molecular weight: 292.2631
CAS Registry Number: 36687-82-8

Introduction of L-Carnitine Tartrate

L-carnitine tartrate is a stable form of L-carnitine, a white crystalline powder.

L-Carnitine Tartrate

English alias: N, N-Dimethyl benzamine; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2- (3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxy-1-oxopropoxy) -N, N, N-trimethyl-, inner salt, ion ( 1-), (2S)-

CAS Registry Number: 36687-82-8

Structural formula: see above

Physicochemical Properties of L-Carnitine Tartrate

L-carnitine tartrate is the stable form of L-carnitine, it is not easy to absorb moisture and remains stable under humid conditions. It is a white crystalline powder with a pleasant acidic odor. It is easily soluble in water, but not easily soluble in organic solvents.

Appearance: white crystal or crystalline powder

Specific rotation: -11.0 ° -9.5 °

pH: 3.0-4.5

Moisture: 0.5%

Ignition residue: 0.5%

Heavy metals: 10ppm

Arsenic: 2ppm

L-carnitine: 68.2 ± 1.0%

Tartaric acid: 31.8 ± 1.0%

Content: 98.0%

Application form: L-carnitine tartrate is an ideal form of L-carnitine application. It is suitable for solid preparations, especially for tablets and capsules.

L-Carnitine Tartrate Food Sources

Red meat is the main food source of L-carnitine. Other animal foods include fish, poultry and milk products, Indonesian tempeh (fermented from soybeans), wheat and avocado.

L-Carnitine Tartrate Enterprise Standard

1 Scope

Technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and signs, packaging, transportation, storage, etc. of L-carnitine tartrate.

2. Normative references

GB / T601 chemical reagent titration analysis (volumetric analysis) has the preparation of standard solutions.

Preparation of preparations and products used in GB / T603 chemical reagent test method.

3. Technical requirements:

Appearance: white crystal or powder

Specific rotation: -9.5 -11.0 °

pH: 3.0-4.5

Moisture: 0.5%

Ignition residue: 0.5%

L-carnitine: 68.2 ± 1.0%

Tartaric acid: 31.8 ± 1.0%

Total content: 98.0%

Heavy metals: 10ppm

Arsenic: 2ppm

Chloride: 0.4%

4. Test method

The test instruments such as burettes, pipettes and volumetric flasks used in this standard are in compliance with the current national regulations for the measurement of measuring instruments; the reagents and water used are in accordance with the national standard analytical reagents and distilled water.

4.1 Appearance: visual inspection

4.2 Determination of moisture

4.2.1 Instrument

a. Electric drying oven

b. Electro-optic balance

c. Weighing bottle

d. Dryer

4.2.2 Determination method

Weigh about 2.0 grams of sample to 0.0001 grams, and place it in a weighing bottle with constant weight in advance. The weighing bottle containing the sample is kept in a drying box at 100 ° C to 105 ° C for 2 hours, taken out and placed in a desiccator, cooled to room temperature, and weighed, which is calculated based on the weight loss.

4.3 pH

Dissolve 1.00 g of the sample in carbon dioxide-free distilled water and dilute to 12 ml. The pH value should be 3.0 ~ 4.5.

4.4 Ignition residue

4.4.1 Instruments and reagents

a. Electro-optical analytical balance

b. Ma Fu furnace

c. Porcelain crucible

d. Dryer

e. concentrated sulfuric acid

4.4.2 Determination method

Take a sample of 1.00g (accurate to 0.0001g) in a crucible that has been burned to a constant weight, slowly burn to safe carbonization, cool to room temperature, add 0.5 ~ 1ml of sulfuric acid to humidify, and heat at low temperature until the steam is removed. Ignition at 700 ~ 800 ° C to complete carbonization and transfer to a dryer, cool to room temperature, and then to cauterization at 700 ~ 800 ° C to constant weight, that is, obtained.

4.5 Specific rotation

4.5.1 Instrument

a. WZZ-2B Digital Automatic Polarimeter

b. 2dm polariscope

c. Electro-optical analytical balance

d. Volumetric flask (50ml)

e. Beaker (50ml)

f. Glass rod

4.5.2 Solvent

Distilled water

4.5.3 Determination method

Accurately weigh 5.00g of L-carnitine tartrate and dissolve it in a 50ml volumetric flask, mix it into a 10% solution, shake well, measure the optical rotation, and calculate the specific rotation (calculated as anhydrous).

4.6 Heavy metals

4.6.1 Method summary

In a weakly acidic medium, heavy metals can react with thioacetamide to develop color, and then compared with the color scale of lead to determine the content of heavy metals.

4.6.2 Instruments and reagents

a. Colorimetric tube

b. acetate buffer

c. distilled water

d. Thioacetamide reagent

e. Lead standard solution 0.01g / L

f. Test solution 0.01 / L

4.6.3 Determination

Take 2 Nessler colorimetric tubes, add 1ml of standard lead solution and 2ml of acetate buffer solution and dilute to 25ml with water; add 1ml of test solution to the second tube and dilute to 25ml, and add sulfur to the two tubes respectively 2ml each of the acetamide test solution, shake well and let stand for 2min. Place on the same white paper, and see through the top tube from the top to the bottom.

4.7 Arsenic

4.7.1 Method summary

In an acidic medium, potassium iodide, stannous chloride, and zinc metal reduce arsenic in the test solution to hydrogen arsenide, and then contact the mercury bromide test paper to react to produce a series of yellow, dark and arsenic standard stains. By comparison, the content in the sample was determined.

4.7.2 Inspection

Prepare the standard arsenic spot by referring to the ancient Cai's method. Take 1g of this product and the arsenic spot should not be deeper than the standard arsenic spot.

4.8 Total content

4.8.1 Instruments and reagents

a. Electro-optical analytical balance

b. Acid burette (50ml)

c. Erlenmeyer flask: (150ml)

d. formic acid

e. Perchloric acid

f. acetic acid

g. Acetic anhydride

h. Crystal violet indicator

4.8.2 Determination method

Solution preparation: take 750 ml of anhydrous glacial acetic acid (calculated based on water content, add 5.22 ml of acetic anhydride per 1 g of water), add 8.5 ml of perchloric acid (70% ~ 72%), shake well, and slowly add vinegar dropwise at room temperature Anhydride is made into 1000 ml, shake well, let cool, diluted with anhydrous glacial acetic acid to 1000 ml, shake well, and left for 24 hours. If the test sample is not acylated, the content of this solution must be determined by moisture measurement Water content, and then adjust the water content of this solution to 0.01% ~ 0.02% with water and acetic anhydride.

Calibration: Take 120.16g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, which is dried to constant weight at 105 ° C, and weigh it accurately. Add 20 liters of anhydrous glacial acetic acid to dissolve, add 1 drop of crystal violet indicator solution, and slowly titrate with this solution. To blue and correct the titration results with blanks. Each 1 ml of HClO ₄ titration (0.1 mol / L) is equivalent to 20.42 mg of potassium hydrogen phthalate. Calculate the concentration of this solution based on the consumption of this solution and the amount of potassium hydrogen phthalate taken.

Titrate, weigh about 0.6g of sample (W), add 50ml of glacial acetic acid and 3ml of formic acid, add 1 drop of crystal violet indicator, titrate with the prepared perchloric acid solution, and use the blank solution as a reference at each titration ratio.

Calculation: content% = vcM / W * 100%

In the formula, v represents the volume of the perchloric acid solution consumed after correction, M represents the molecular weight of carnitine of 161.16, W represents the mass of the sample provided, and c represents the concentration of the perchloric acid solution.

4.9 Tartaric acid content

Accurately weigh 0.5g of L-carnitine tartrate (W) and add water to dissolve. Drop 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein as an indicator. Titrate with sodium hydroxide to turn red as the end point.

Calculation: tartaric acid content% = vcM1 / W * 100%, where v is NaOH volume, c is concentration, and M1 is tartaric acid molecular weight 75.04.

4.10 Chloride content

4.10.1 Principle of silver nitrate volumetric method

At pH = 7-10, silver nitrate and Cl in water form AgCl precipitation. When the end point is reached, the excess silver ions react with the indicator potassium chromate to form a red Ag ₂ CrO ₄ precipitate. The reaction formula is

Before the end point: Ag + Cl AgCl (white)

At the end: 2Ag + CrO ₄ Ag ₂ CrO ₄ (brick red)

4.10.2 Determination method

The solution is prepared as a 0.01mol / L silver nitrate solution, and stored in a dark place protected from light. Precisely weigh 1g of the supplied sample, dissolve it with water, and add 2-3 drops of potassium chromate as an indicator.

Calculation: Content% = cv * 35.5 / w * 100%

In the formula, c is the concentration of silver nitrate, v consumes the volume of silver nitrate, 35.5 is the molecular weight of chloride ion, and w is the mass of the sample.

5 Inspection rules

5.1 The L-carnitine tartrate is inspected by the company's quality inspection department. Each batch of ex-factory products should meet the requirements of this standard and be accompanied by a quality report.

5.2 There is no special requirement from the user, and the quality inspection shall be carried out on the products received in accordance with the provisions of this standard.

5.3 Batch of products is a batch of not more than 500Kg uniform product.

5.4 When there is a dispute between the supplier and the buyer on the quality of the product, they can negotiate to resolve or select an arbitration unit and request the arbitration unit to conduct arbitration according to this standard.

6. Marking, packaging, transportation, storage

6.1 The packaging barrel should have a solid mark, which includes: product name, manufacturer name, batch number, and net weight.

6.2 Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is packed in high-pressure paper drums, lined with plastic bags (the drum bags need to be intact), and placed in desiccant.

6.3 Transport and storage

6.3.1 There should be a quality report for each batch of manufactured products. The contents of the packaging marks include the name of the manufacturer, product name, production date, batch number, gross weight, and net weight. The customer also requires that the identification be provided according to the customer's requirements, and the customer's required identification corresponds to the company's original record.

6.3.2 When transporting, loading and unloading products, avoid direct sunlight, rain and moisture, and store in a cool and dry warehouse.

Medicinal profile of L-carnitine tartrate

L-carnitine is a type of amino acid that promotes the conversion of fat into energy. It has no toxic side effects on the human body. It is especially suitable for people to do aerobic exercise to reduce fat. The effect is obvious. Different types of daily diet already contain 5-100 mg of L-carnitine Carnitine. L-Carnitine is produced in the liver and kidneys of the human body and is stored in muscle, semen, brain and heart.

L-carnitine is suitable for many heart health related uses:

Prevent heart disease

Improve heart function in people with congestive heart problems

Minimize damage after a heart attack

Reduce the pain of colic

Improves arrhythmia without affecting blood pressure

Reduces triglycerides and cholesterol levels when increasing high density or good cholesterol

Notes on L-Carnitine Tartrate :

L-Carnitine is not recommended for people with liver or kidney disease. If you plan to improve your obesity metabolism and muscle capacity, it is generally recommended that you discontinue it for a week after each month of use; if you take it in large amounts (5 grams per day for an adult, except for AIDS patients), you may have diarrhea.

====================================

L-carnitine, L-carnitine, nicknamed L-carnitine, vitamin BT, chemical name -hydroxy-trimethylammonium butyric acid, is a white lens or white transparent fine powder. Carnitine research began in the early 20th century. In 1905, Russians Gulewitsch and Krimberg discovered L-carnitine from meat extracts. Since then, scientists from various countries have conducted in-depth research. Early research found that L-carnitine Carnitine is a vitamin-like nutrient and is named Vitamin BT. In fact, the chemical structure of alkali is similar to choline, which is similar to amino acids. In addition, because some animals can be synthesized by themselves to meet the needs of carnitine, carnitine is not considered a vitamin, but it is still conventionally called vitamin BT. Experiments show that carnitine is an essential nutrient. At the International Conference on Nutrition held in Chicago in 1985, L-carnitine was designated as a "multifunctional nutrition product".

L-carnitine is easy to absorb moisture and has good stability. It can be placed in a solution of pH 3 ~ 6 for more than 1 year, can withstand high temperatures above 200 ° C, and has good water solubility and water absorption. L-carnitine in the diet is mainly derived from animals, and the content in plants is very small. Rich sources include lean meat, liver, heart, yeast, chicken, rabbit meat, milk, and whey. Good sources are avocado and buttermilk. Protein and malt. Fasting, vegetarian food, strenuous exercise, obesity, pregnancy, male infertility, and infants who eat unfortified carnitine formula are vulnerable to carnitine deficiency. Low levels of lysine, vitamins, and iron in the diet also cause carnitine deficiency. Many patients, such as heart disease, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, malnutrition, hypothyroidism, and certain muscle and neurological diseases, generally have low levels of carnitine. L-carnitine mainly relies on exogenous supplements, and the supplement of carnitine is no less important than vitamins and minerals.

Muscle movement depends on your body's ability to convert fatty acids into energy. L-carnitine is an essential amino acid for this transformation. Different types of daily diet already contain 5-100 mg of L-carnitine. L-carnitine is produced in the liver and kidneys of the human body and is stored in muscle, semen, brain and heart. Some people cannot properly take enough L-carnitine from their diet, causing a deficiency of this nutrient. As a result, they may slowly develop heart disease, muscle weakness, or hypoglycemia.

Health use:

L-Carnitine is suitable for a variety of heart health-related uses:

Prevent heart disease

Improve heart function in people with congestive heart problems

Minimize damage after a heart attack

Reduce the pain of colic

Improves arrhythmia without affecting blood pressure

When high-density cholesterol or good cholesterol is increased, the triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the blood are reduced.

AIDS, especially reducing side effects from treatment with AIDS protective drugs

Alcoholism

Alzheimer's disease

Loss of appetite

Chronic fatigue syndrome

diabetes

Depression syndrome

Epilepsy (childhood)

Hemodialysis

Suppress the immune response

Male infertility

Recommended for weight loss

Other forms:

L-Carnitine is used as a supplement. Only L-Carnitine is recommended. The following items are included here:

L-L-Carnitine (LC) is the most widely used and cheaper one, and has been validated by a lot of scientific research.

L-acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) works best for Alzheimer's disease and degraded brain function.

L-propionyl-L-carnitine (LPC) works best for colic and other heart problems.

Recommended dosage:

The recommended dose of L-carnitine will be adjusted according to different health conditions. The following are the most commonly used doses:

Improve obesity metabolism and muscle capacity: 500-1,000 mg twice daily.

For heart problems: 600-1,200 mg three times a day, or 750 mg twice a day.

Precautions:

If you plan to improve obesity metabolism and muscle capacity, it is generally recommended that you discontinue it for a week after each month of use; if you take it in large amounts (5 grams per day for an adult), you may have diarrhea.

It is mainly used in the following areas:

I. Infant food: L-carnitine is a nutrient essential for conditional infants. At present, 22 countries in the world have added L-carnitine to infant milk powder, and China has also added L-carnitine emulsified milk powder to the market.

Second, weight loss effect: L-carnitine can burn excess fat in the body as energy. He can reduce weight, reduce body fat content, and has a weight loss effect. If the body lacks L-carnitine, it will cause fatty acid metabolism disorders, leading to two consequences . cause inadequate supply of muscle energy, resulting in muscle fatigue and related heart diseases; cause lipid substances to accumulate in muscle fibers and liver, resulting in obesity, fatty liver and other diseases. Obese people with insufficient exercise often supplement L-carnitine, By keeping exercise, you can consume the fatty acids accumulated in the body and play a role in weight loss. So L-carnitine is an ideal weight loss product without dieting, anorexia, fatigue, and diarrhea.

3. Food for athletes: L-carnitine is good for improving exercise power, anti-fatigue, and enhancing endurance of sports. Taking a certain amount of L-carnitine, athletes can get the best results when participating in endurance and intensity sports. Research confirmed After exercise, the concentration of free carnitine in human muscle tissue can be reduced by 20%, which can be improved by supplementing exogenous L-carnitine, so it promotes the oxidation of fatty acids in the body to generate energy and improve sports performance. L-carnitine has been widely used abroad For sports health food.

IV. Important nutritional supplements for the human body: With the increase of age, the content of L-carnitine in the body is decreasing. Humans need to supplement L-carnitine. Diabetics, patients with renal function, mental and physical workers, due to the discharge of waste The large consumption of L-carnitine in the body can easily lead to a lack of L-carnitine, which requires long-term supplementation.