What Factors Affect Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood?

Middle age generally refers to the period between 40 and 59 years of age. Middle life is a long time in life, and many important tasks in life are completed during this period. A series of changes have taken place in the middle age, both physiologically and psychologically.

Middle age

Individuals face multiple tasks in the family and society, and play multiple roles. Individual development is also affected by many factors. In recent years, researchers have begun to pay attention to the physical and mental development of adults, and have also proposed corresponding theories to explain the development of this period.

Menopause in developmental psychology refers to the period when an individual's physiological change and psychological state change significantly during the transition from middle age to old age. The age of menopause is around 50 years old. There are menopause and menopause. Women's menopause is earlier than men. Menopause is the starting point of life into the aging process, and is also known as the "second puberty".

Study the adult development model, focusing on how individuals make effective life choices, how to create a satisfying life, and develop self-determination in life.

Middle-aged thinking development has reached a more mature level. This is manifested by the reality, flexibility and wisdom of thinking activities and the further development of dialectical logical thinking.

Research on intellectual development must face the question of whether intellectual development is one-dimensional or multi-dimensional, and whether it is one-way or multi-directional. Researchers of intellectual development always have to put forward the model of intellectual development. Intellectual development mode refers to the trajectory of intelligence level changing with age. What kind of intellectual development theory does not lead to the consistent conclusion that the intellectual development of children and adolescents shows an upward trend with age. However, people have different views on the development and change of adult intelligence.

The self is an important part of personality, and the development of the self is actually the basis of personality development. Scholars have made a comprehensive and systematic discussion on self-development. On the basis of existing views, Lu Wenge further put forward the theory of self-development.

Stability of Personality Structure in Middle Age

The stability of personality structure contains two basic meanings: one is that the constituent components of personality structure are unchanged, and the other is that the average level of each component is unchanged. Compared with the personality components of middle age, the personality structure of the middle age has remained relatively stable. The results of the famous longitudinal tracking study found that in the course of 12 years, the personality traits of most of the more than one hundred subjects aged 20-90 did not change with age, which indicates the personality of adults Traits remain relatively stable.

Middle- aged personality maturity

The personality traits of middle-aged people remain relatively stable, but due to changes in physiological functions and increased life experience, middle-aged personality has become more mature, as shown in the following:

1. Increasing introspection

According to Jung's theory, from youth to old age, personality has become more and more introverted from young extroversion, that is, middle-aged people are no longer as impulsive and daring to do as young people, but instead focus on Cast into the inner world.

2. Psychological defense mechanisms are maturing

In the face of setbacks or conflicts, more and more middle-aged people are increasingly adopting mature psychological defense mechanisms such as humor, sublimation, and altruism, and rarely adopt negative defense mechanisms such as denial, distortion, and regression.

3 Life is getting better and better

It is manifested in that understanding and handling problems is not as rigid as young people, but more flexible.

Increasing integration of gender roles in middle age

On the basis of the original male personality, middle-aged men gradually show female characteristics such as tenderness, sensitivity, and thoughtfulness, while middle-aged women gradually show male characteristics such as decisiveness, generosity, and initiative. The tendency of "masculinization" is generally considered as a "perfect personality".