What Is a Cervical Lesion?

Cervical precancerous lesions are abnormal cervical proliferative lesions that have a tendency to become cancerous but cannot be diagnosed as carcinoma in situ. They have the potential to develop into malignant tumors and may be transformed into cervical cancer if they persist for a long time. The occurrence and development of cervical cancer has a gradual evolution process that can last from years to decades. It is generally believed that this evolution process has gone through these stages: mild, moderate and severe intraepithelial neoplasia, and early invasive cancer. Invasive cancer.

Basic Information

English name

Cervicalprecancerouslesions

Visiting department

Oncology

Multiple groups

female

Common locations

cervix

Common causes

High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) persistent infection

Contagious

no

Causes of cervical precancerous lesions

Cervical cancer is currently the only gynecological malignancy with a clear etiology and is associated with persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with a spherical shell and a diameter of 55nm. It mainly infects the skin and mucous membrane epithelium, causing different lesions. At present, more than 200 HPV viruses have been identified, and at least 30 are related to reproductive tract mucosal infections.

Clinical manifestations of cervical precancerous lesions

Patients with cervical precancerous lesions generally do not show obvious symptoms, or only have symptoms of general cervicitis, such as increased leucorrhea. There are also complaints of vaginal bleeding or a small amount of vaginal bleeding after sexual contact.

Severe intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix is a precancerous lesion, which is reversible, that is, a part of the lesion can disappear naturally, but it is also progressive, that is, the lesion can develop and even become cancerous. Its reversibility and development are related to the extent and extent of the lesion. The possibility of mild intraepithelial neoplasia spontaneously disappearing is significantly greater than moderate and severe. Severe intraepithelial neoplasia is more likely to develop cancer than mild or moderate. Some scholars also believe that mild intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix is a benign abnormal proliferation that can naturally turn to normal.

Examination of cervical precancerous lesions

1. The first step: TCT thin layer liquid-based cytology detection

First, thin-layer liquid-based cytology (TCT) was used to observe cervical exfoliated cells under a microscope to see if the cervical cells were abnormal. In addition, if economic conditions allow, HPV testing can also be performed at the same time, so the accuracy will be higher.

2. The second step: electronic colposcopy

After TCT thin-layer liquid-based cytology, if abnormalities are found in cervical cells, colposcopy is required. Observing the subtle changes in the surface of the pre-cancerous lesions of the cervical precancerous lesion under high magnification of 40 times by the electronic colposcope is of great value for the early detection and early diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

3. The third step: histopathological examination

If abnormality is found during colposcopy, a biopsy should be taken under the guidance of special staining. At the suggestion of colposcopy, multi-point biopsy of suspected lesions and histopathological examination can confirm the diagnosis of cervical lesions.

After the above three steps of examination, cervical lesions can be identified and early cervical cancer can be found.

Diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions

The clinical manifestations of this disease are not specific. The symptoms and signs alone cannot be diagnosed, and the diagnosis is mainly based on histological examination.

Prevention of cervical precancerous lesions

1. Strengthen health education, raise awareness of prevention, and avoid premature sex life and put an end to sexual life disorder.

2. Do regular gynecological examinations. Married women are advised to have cervical cytology performed once a year, and pathological examinations should be performed if problems are found.

3. For the cervical lesions and reproductive system infections that have been found, especially those infected with human papillomavirus HPV, the corresponding diagnostic measures should be actively taken to prevent the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.