What Is a Pleomorphic Adenoma?

Pleomorphic adenoma, also known as mixed tumor, is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for about 60% of all salivary gland tumors, about 80% in the parotid gland, and 10% in the submandibular gland. It is a tumor with an unstable cell membrane, characterized by the polymorphism of the microscopic structure rather than the polymorphism of the cell. The most common is a mixture of epithelial and mutant myoepithelial components with mucoid or cartilage-like components.

Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland

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Pleomorphic adenoma

It is not clear yet, but any single factor cannot be the cause of its absolute cure. It may be caused by the interaction of multiple internal and external factors.

Combined with medical history, and through inspection,

1,

1. Most tumors can be cured after surgery.

2. Postoperative recurrence. The tumor is an aggressive benign tumor that often recurs after operation. Possible causes of recurrence include:

A, when the mucus-like substance is used as the main component, it is easy to spread;

B. Changes in the thickness of the capsule and the tendency of the tumor to invade the capsule;

C. The tumor has subcapsular fissures;

D, tumor nodules puncture the capsule;

E. The possible biological needs of tumor cells, so that the cells can survive when they enter the surgical site.

Many recurrent pleomorphic adenomas are multifocal and some are so widely distributed that they cannot be controlled surgically.

3. Malignant transformation. A small number of salivary glandular adenomas can undergo malignant transformation.

4, gustatory sweating syndrome (gastatory sweating syndrome), also known as the ear-temporal nerve syndrome or Frey syndrome (Frey syndrome), its symptoms are the skin under the ear, the area appears when chewing food or stimulating saliva Redness with sweating. It usually appears a few weeks after the parotid surgery and does not disappear. The reason is generally considered to be that the parasympathetic nerve branch and the sympathetic nerve branch of the skin sweat gland and superficial blood vessels have been dislocated and regenerated, which causes sweat and hair after stimulating saliva red. ^[1-4]