What Is a Posture Analysis?

Action analysis refers to researching and analyzing the operator's subtle movements, recording the action content of body parts with specific symbols, eliminating irrational phenomena, simplifying the operation method, and formulating standard sequences of actions that are easy, time-saving, efficient, and safe. Motion analysis was initiated by the Gilbreths. ^[1]

Action analysis

By studying the following unreasonable phenomena in the operation, the operation process can be optimized through elimination, combination, rearrangement and simplified methods to improve the efficiency and quality of the operation:

1.Stagnation

2. Invalid action

3. The order is not reasonable

4. Imbalance (such as: too busy, too idle, etc.)

5. Waste

The specific implementation methods of technological processes and operations, such as every activity of the operator's body parts in order to find, hold, move, and assemble necessary objects. Actions can be broadly divided into the following four categories:

Processingthe action of changing the shape of an object and assembling it

Movean action that changes the position of a target

Holding-an action that maintains the shape of the object

WaitingNo action with idle hands

(1) Visual action

There are several uses for motion analysis:

1. To mitigate

Production activities are actually composed of people and machinery and equipment that process or inspect materials or parts, and all inspections or processes are composed of a series of actions. How fast, how effective, and whether these actions are effective or not , Directly affect the level of production efficiency.

In many factories, the arrangement of process operations is usually arranged once when the product is first produced, and thereafter it is rarely changed unless there is a major problem. The improvement of efficiency generally depends on the proficiency of the operator's movements. As the movements become more proficient, the operators are accustomed to the movements and operate completely unconsciously. In fact, this approach has a huge potential loss of efficiency.

Many combinations of actions that people take for granted exist:

The sequence of stagnant and invalid actions is unreasonable and unbalanced (such as: too busy, too idle, etc.) and unreasonable phenomena such as waste. These actions have not changed the performance and structure of the product, and it is naturally impossible to create

From the study of the operator's hand movements, the Gilberts found that all operations are composed of a consistent basic motion (Fundamental motion). Based on the results of the research, the basic elements (or basic motions) of statistical human motion can be divided into ten There are seven kinds of kinins, in order to make the reader understand the definition, scope and characteristics of these kinins, so these 17 kinds of kinins are classified into three categories:

The first category: elements of work. (1 8)

The second category: hinder the implementation of the first type of work elements (9-13)

The third category: elements that are not beneficial to work (14-17)

1. Reach (REACH-RE)

Definition: empty hand movement, or [Transport empty]. Starting point: The moment when the hand starts to face the target. Finish: The moment when the hand reaches the object. Characteristics: When the hand is directed toward the target or a certain kinematics is completed, the hand is stretched out. [Extending a hand] There are often [pre-pairs] associated along the way. [Hand out] often occurs after [Let go] and before [Grip]. Improvement: Reduced distance. The measurement of distance should be based on the actual path, not the straight distance between the two ends. Reduces the sense of orientation when reaching out. [Extending a hand] Difficulty can be divided into the following categories: Reaching a hand to a fixed position. Reach out to the target with a slight change in position each time. The purpose of reaching out to a pile. Reach out to a very small object with precise grip.

2.Move-M

Definition: A hand or body moves an object from one location to another. Or transport loaded starting point: the moment the hand starts to load towards the destination point. Finish: The moment when a loaded hand reaches the destination. Features: [Movement] There is space to move, push, pull, slide, drag, rotate and move. [Movement] A sudden stop on the way is [hold]. [Move things] There are often [pre-pairs] associated along the way. [Movement] often occurs after [grab] and before [let go] or [align]. Improved: Reduced moving distance. Reduce the weight of each move. Analyze the method of movement and review whether there are other tools that can be substituted. Reduce directional awareness when moving objects. [Moving] can be classified as follows according to their difficulty: Moving to a fixed dock. Move the object to the approximate position. Move the object to the precise position. Move the object to an indefinite position.

Steps for improving motion analysis. If you use the PDCA method to analyze, you can create a flowchart like Figure 2.1. Follow these steps to improve the motion analysis, which can continuously improve the efficiency of motion.

Steps to improve motion analysis:

1. Occurrence / discovery of the problem

At the manufacturing site, new problems occur every day. Some people may turn a blind eye and feel that everything is normal, so there is no motivation for improvement, and efficiency stays at the same level day by day. Improvement often stems from the occurrence and discovery of problems. If managers can look at everything that happened on the scene with questions, and pay particular attention to details, it will be easier to find the objects of improvement. Tables 2.2 and 2.3 can inspire managers to spot problems on the spot.

2. Status analysis

After the problem is solved, we should conduct a detailed investigation at the scene where the problem occurred, and grasp the detailed data to make the problem clearer. Then carry out analysis based on the facts you have. In this step, the following principles should be adhered to:

Realistic principles

To grasp the problem, we must use the 5W1H method to find out the truth of the fact repeatedly based on the facts that occurred on the spot. Avoid subjective speculation and deviate from the facts.

Data-based principles

Textual descriptions are often difficult to distinguish between specific differences, which can leave the grasp of facts in a fuzzy state. As a result, the problem analysis will become more difficult, and the improvement effect will be difficult to measure. Therefore, as long as it can be digitized, specific data must be mastered.

The principle of tokenization and charting

If the action can be decomposed, and then represented by symbols, and the mastered data is represented by charts, the description of the facts will be greatly simplified, and the difficulty of understanding and analysis will be greatly reduced.

Principles of objective analysis

Analysts sometimes deviate from the analysis direction due to differences in position, and often blame the problem on other departments or other people. This can easily lead to the phenomenon of skin peeling and set artificial obstacles to the problem. Therefore, in the analysis of problems, we must have come first, and maintain an objective position.

3. Find out the true cause of the problem

After analyzing the status quo, you can get some possible reasons for the problem. At this time, you should verify them one by one, eliminate some plausible causes, and find the real cause of the problem. The process of elimination should adhere to the principle of simplicity first, then complexity, low cost first, and then high cost.

4. Develop improvement plans

After the cause of the problem is found, an improvement plan should be formulated to eliminate the cause of the problem and prevent the problem from recurring. For action improvement, you can refer to the four principles of action improvement (see Table 2.4) to help develop improvement plans.

After the improvement plan is drafted, it should be checked with relevant personnel for any omissions and omissions to further improve it and avoid negative effects.

5. Improve the implementation of the plan

After the improvement plan is determined, the relevant personnel in the set will be instructed to train, assign tasks, and track and monitor the improvement process. If there are any unsatisfactory things, they should be adjusted in time.

6. Confirmation of improvement effect

After the implementation of the improvement plan, data from various aspects should be collected and compared with the data before the improvement to confirm whether the improvement achieved the expected goals. Because the goal of the production site is inseparable from PQCDSM (efficiency, quality, cost,

First, the principle of physical use

1. Both hands start to move at the same time, and stop at the same time

2. When you rest with both hands, you cannot be idle at the same time

3 Keep both arms facing each other or opposite

4 Fingers and body movements should be performed as far as possible in the peripheral parts. The order of the peripheral parts is five types: finger and hand, finger as forearm, arm as finger, body and arm finger, and the above action points are fist, wrist, elbow, shoulder, and body respectively. Only the finger movement is the most extreme movement, and it is also the most central movement among the five types of upper body movements.

5. Use the physical inertia (gravity) that supports the movement of the operator. However, using force to control inertia minimizes inertia.

6. Rather than doing a straight zigzag motion, it is better to do a smooth curve motion

7. Ballistic (free curve) movement is faster, easier, and more accurate than restricted or controlled movement.

8. In order to be able to spontaneously move smoothly during repeated operations, smoothness is essential. Therefore, the operation should be designed as easily and naturally as possible.

9. The job design should also avoid frequent movement of sight. To set the sight to move within the natural range.

Second, the principle of equipment and configuration

1. Fixing tools and materials should be placed in a specific fixed position according to the operating habits

2. In order to avoid "finding", the treatment tools and materials should be arranged in the predetermined position in advance

3 In order to enable the material to be supplied near the place of use, use feeders, parts boxes, containers, etc.

4 Governance tools, materials, and operating tools should be placed as close as possible to the operator, or should be placed within the operator's maximum operating range. The maximum working range refers to the range in which the body does not move, and the distance reached by the hands in the left, right, and up directions is the axis of the shoulder joint.

5. The tools and materials should be arranged in the most suitable position in the order of action

6. At the end of the operation, the operator may not use his hand to remove the finished product, but use the removal equipment or natural fall to complete it.

7. Give the operator appropriate lighting. In order to adopt the correct working posture, it is necessary to give the operator a suitable design and height of the chair. The height of the work place should match the height of the chair. Today, lighting is more concerned about shadows, grays, shades, and vision. In particular, the choice should be considered from the perspective of the impact of the contrast between the working range and the color of the work on work performance and eye fatigue.

Third, the principles of mechanical machinery and design

1. Eliminate the action of "holding" and "fixing" with your fingers. Fixing objects require fixtures, fixtures, and petal-type fixtures. Don't fix it with people.

2. Use multi-functional tools. Using a single function tool wastes too much time (time) when replacing tools. The all-in-one tool does the job in one operation.

3 When working with fingers, such as typing, consider the characteristics of each finger. The thumb is weaker than the forefinger but stronger. The little finger is weak but adaptable.

4 The contact surface between the handle of the treatment tool and the palm should be designed as much as possible. Many of the handles used in reality are very thin, and the thin handle is not easy to transmit force and is unstable.

5. The size of the operating lever and the operating tools such as the handle should be arranged on the principle that it can be operated without changing the working posture. But the size of the operation tool should be considered from the perspective of biomechanics, and remember not to be too small.