What is acute lung injury?

Acute lung damage (Ali) is a condition characterized by a sudden onset of significant hypoxemia and the presence of diffuse lung infiltrates, as seen on the chest X -ray, in the absence of heart failure. Ali is also called cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to lack of related heart abnormalities. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) concerns heavy Ali. Basic mechanisms for acute lung and ARDS damage include an increase in blood vessel permeability in the lungs, death of pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells and inflammation. Ali usually results from conditions that caused either direct types of lung injury or system conditions such as sepsis.

Injuries and systemic problems can cause Ali. Direct injuries that may lead to acute lung damage include mechanical trauma to the chest, near drowning, fractures that lead to marrow embolism or fat, burns, inhalation irritants and ionizing radiation. System CMEZI lung damage that can lead to damageThe lungs include sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, transfusion with more blood and severe allergic reactions. Most ARDS cases occur in patients who have sepsis, stomach aspiration, diffuse pulmonary infections such as pneumonia, and other bodily injuries due to trauma.

Despite the differences in the base, there are cases of acute lung damage due to damage to endothelial and epithelial cells. The endothelium refers to the inner lining of the capillaries, while the epithelium refers to the lining of alveolar bags. Normally these two layers form a barrier that maintains alveolar capillary membrane intact.

In the injury, an inflammatory response is activated, leading to the release of various pro -inflammatory substances and activating inflammatory cells. This leads to the destruction of alveolar capillary membranes, causing capillary leakage, alveolar floods, reduced lung surface activeSubstances and formation of hyaline membranes. These hyaline membranes form a protein -rich liquid that captures dead epithelial cells and are characteristic of biopsy of the findings of acute lung damage.

Příznaky, které naznačují akutní poškození plic, jsou hluboké potíže s dýcháním nebo dušností, jakož i zvýšenou frekvenci dýchacích cest nebo tachypnoe. These symptoms are followed by a bluish color of the skin and limbs called cyanosis. Measurement of blood gases and ventilation-perfusion ratios would show hypoxemia, respiratory failure and low lung adherence. Low blood oxygen or hypoxemia usually does not respond to oxygen therapy. In the radiographic chest examination, both lungs have scattered infiltrates and some parts can become rigid and collapsed.

Treatment of this lung injury generally includes mechanical ventilation, supportive care and treatment of the basic cause. Corticosteroids can benefit from chronic ARDS cases without infection. Death of a patientTies with acute lung damage are usually secondary to uncontrolled sepsis and failure of multiple organ systems.