What Is Cardioplegia?

Cardiac arrest refers to the complete loss of electrical activity of the heart, which is in a resting state without contraction, also known as cardiac arrest, total cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest and cardiac arrest are two completely different concepts, and cardiac arrest is the main cause of cardiac arrest. During cardiac arrest, the cardiac sinus node cannot produce agitation, and the atrial or the entire heart stops moving. It can be caused by cardiogenic and noncardiogenic factors. The diagnosis can be confirmed by physical examination and electrocardiogram. It can be treated by implanting a pacemaker. Simultaneously treat primary heart disease.

Basic Information

nickname

Cardiac arrest, total cardiac arrest

Visiting department

Cardiac Surgery

Common locations

heart

Common causes

Related to cardiogenic diseases and non-cardiogenic diseases, trauma, etc.

Common symptoms

Shorter may be dizziness, darkening, general weakness, syncope with pale complexion, etc .; longer may have Alzheimer's syndrome, etc .; severe cerebral hypoxic damage or death

Causes of cardiac arrest

1. Cardiogenic (1) Coronary heart disease: accounts for about 80% of sudden cardiac death, most of which are myocardial infarction.
(2) Others: such as cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, heart valve disease, etc.
2. Non-cardiogenic (1) Various diseases: such as severe cerebral hemorrhage, severe asthma, hemoptysis, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, shock, etc.
(2) Acute poisoning and allergies: such as quinidine, digitalis drugs, sodium nitrite, organophosphorus pesticides, cyanide poisoning, etc .; allergic reactions caused by penicillin.
(3) Accidents: such as electric shock, drowning, suffocation, trauma, surgery and anesthesia.
(4) Electrolyte disorders: hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, severe acidosis, etc.

Cardiac arrest clinical manifestations

Cardiac arrest for 3 to 5 seconds, with symptoms such as dizziness, darkening, and general weakness; 5 to 10 seconds for cardiac arrest, symptoms of syncope and pale appearance often appear; arrest for more than 15 seconds; Alzheimer's syndrome may occur , Convulsions, cyanosis, or pale skin; if there is no effective rescue for more than 5 minutes of apnea, severe hypoxic damage to the brain or death may occur.

Cardiac arrest

1. On physical examination, the aortic pulse disappeared, and auscultation could not smell heart sounds.
2. Laboratory tests to understand the status of renal function and whether hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, abnormal blood magnesium, hypoxemia, etc.
3 The electrocardiogram shows isoelectric lines of several seconds or longer, without P waves and QRS complexes, that is, the atria and ventricles are at rest, and there is no multiple relationship between long-term and normal sinus PP intervals, which can be seen after long intervals. Junctional or ventricular escape rhythm.

Cardiac Arrest Diagnosis

Sudden loss of consciousness, disappearance of aortic pulsation, and inaudible heart sounds can be preliminarily judged as cardiac arrest, which can be diagnosed in combination with typical ECG performance.

Differential diagnosis of cardiac arrest

It is mainly distinguished from ventricular rest. Ventricular stillness occurs on the basis of high or third-degree atrioventricular block, and cardiac arrest occurs in the case of various fatal diseases or injuries; ventricular stillness appears on the electrocardiogram as an atrial P wave without atrioventricular There are no P waves and QRS complexes on the electrocardiogram of cardiac arrest and the QRS complexes at the junction and ventricles.

Cardiac Arrest Treatment

For recurrent short-term cardiac arrest, a pacemaker should be implanted as early as possible to actively treat primary heart disease, and if necessary, drugs that increase heart rhythm, such as atropine, isoproterenol, etc .; for long-term cardiac arrest An effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be given as soon as possible, and a temporary pacemaker should be implanted as soon as possible. Patients with successful resuscitation should be implanted with a cardiac pacemaker at an optional time.