What is the theory of object relationships?
The theory of object theory is a psychodynamic theory that builds and expands the work of Sigmund Freud on psychoanalysis to try to explain how the mind of an infant is developing in relation to objects - usually people or parts of people - in their environment. In this theory, the infant subject is the mental concept by testing its prejudice against reality. In the first six months of life, the child ideally moves after two positions or development stages. The infant learns to tolerate contradictory feelings of objects and to distinguish between self and the other. These milestones are essential for the integration of ego and healthy psychological development into adulthood.
British psychologist Ronald Fairbairn was the first to officially use the term "theory of object relations" in 1952. Fairbairn and psychoanalysis of Melanie Klein are considered co -founders on the basis of school. Other well -known object theorists include Harry Guntrip, Margaret Mahler and D.W. Winnicott.
Although Klein considered the theory of OBYekt's relations for the expansion of Freud's work, growing among the theorists of British objects and the American Ego Psychology School, based on the work of Anna Freud. Sigmund Freud theorized about the relationship between the object, but believed that the subject concerns the subject to satisfy his unit. On the other hand, Klein and other object theorists stated that the objective of the subject is to fulfill his own desire to relate to objects in his environment.
From her psychoanalysis of young children, Klein theorized that the minds of infants would begin to develop by testing prejudices against reality. Prejudices can be considered instincts such as the search for a newborn for his mother's nipple. According to this theory, because the child gains experience with his environment, it creates a concept that he can fantasize.
In this early phase, which Klein calls a paranoid-school position, the environment of the child is full of partial objects such as his mother's breasts orthe hand of his father. The infant learns to focus energy on these objects and creates internal objects that are mental representations of external objects that he fantasies. Objects that satisfy the child's discs are considered "good" objects and objects that frustrate its units are considered "bad" objects.
It is important to realize that in the position of a paranoid-archizoid, the infant subject cannot reconcile good and bad feelings about the same object, and thus considers them to be separate objects. "Good" breasts that satisfy the child's desire is not the same breasts as "bad" that allows him to hunger. The inability to tolerate contradictory feelings towards the same object is known as "division" and is a common mechanism of psychic defense for subjects on the parching of ANIMICE-SCHIZOID.
At this stage of development, infant subjects also use other defense mechanisms. Introjekting is a mechanism by which the child uses imagination to internalize the soothing aspects of objects in its environment,Like a sense of safety in her mother's breast. The projection is a mechanism that makes them psychologically transmit their own feelings to the object in their environment, thus getting rid of destructive or endangered feelings. The infant also uses projective identification, a mechanism by which it transmits part of itself to the object to feel a sense of control over this object.
As psychologically ripens the subject of an infant subject, he enters into what Klein calls a depressed position. This should happen when the child is three to four months old. At this stage, the child learns to align contradictory feelings and realizes that the same object can have both positive and negative or driving system-e-satisfaction and frustration, aspects. The environment dominated by partial objects in the paranoid-school position is now inhabited by whole objects; She relates more with her mother than just her mother's breast. In a depressed position, the infant subject begins to integrate the ego and the whole objects are considered to beSeparate autonomous beings.
Given the excellent psychology of the EGA, the theory of the British School of Object Relations in American Psychology was largely ignored up to 70 years. Modern offshoots of object theory include the theory of attachment and psychology of self -confidence.