What is Panacinar Emprym?

Empy is a form of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), which includes enlarged air spaces and destroyed alveoli in the lungs. Panacinar emphysema concerns the uniform destruction of the entire air bag or alveoli. It may occur in smokers, but is usually observed in patients who have a genetic disorder called Alfa 1-Antitrypsin (AAT). In general, Panacinar emphysema and other types of emphysema are an irreversible disease that leads to permanent reduction of airflow. Treatment includes long -term therapy bronchodilators and/or steroids. Panacinar emphysema includes the entire alveolus and is located in the bases of the lungs. Centriacinar or centrilobular emphysema includes respiratory bronchioles first and then spread to alveoli. Paraseptal emphysema includes alveolar bags, pipes and bronchioles terminal, but the involvement is adjacent to the pulmonary septae or lung pleura.

Cigarette smoking is usually the cause of emphysema. In patients with COPD, the causal relationship between ko is obviousBy incorporation and emphysema, with 80 to 90% admits that they are long -term smokers. The AAT deficiency syndrome, which is caused by the insufficient production of alpha 1-antitrypsin, is a genetic disorder that causes an emphysema. Alfa 1-antitrypsin is an enzyme that inhibits the action of elastase, an enzyme that degrades elastin. This leads to a clear collapse of the alveolar wall and Panacinar's emphysema.

less common causes of emphysema include aging, intravenous use of drugs and immunodefiant conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and autoimmune disease. In particular, intravenous injections of methadone and methylphenidate result in panacinar emphysema. The disease of the connective tissue such as marfan syndrome also increases the risk of emphysema.

Panacinar emphasizes the general pathophysiology of the emphysema. Exposure to harmful stimuli such as cigarette smoke and pollutedí, prevents the development of emphysema. These harmful substances stimulate an inflammatory response, leading to the release of various inflammatory mediators, such as white blood cells and substances such as cytokines that destroy lung parenchyma. Proteases, which are enzymes that break down proteins, also relax and these proteases break down elastin, important protein in the alveolar walls. In the break -up of alveoli elastin, elasticity and reverse, the air spaces are permanently enlarged and the airways narrow.

6 The most important measures in the treatment of emphysema is to completely avoid any form of lung irritation, especially cigarette smoke. Symptomatic relief from the difficulties of breathing, chronic cough and abundant Plegma production is achieved by drugs such as bronchodilators, anticholinergics and corticosteroids. Bronchodilators include salbutamol and formoterol, anticholinergics include ipratropium and steroids include fluticasone and budesonide. EMFYMIC Patients may need supplementary oxygen.

Empyzema and Pneumoniamay appear simultaneously. Symptoms of pneumonia in the empire patient include acute breathing problems, increased cough severity and increased thickness and quantity or change of mucus color. When pneumonia occurs in conjunction with emphysema, antibiotics are administered and the steroids are stopped to eradicate the body causing pneumonia.