What Is Pleurodesis?

Lung anatomy illustration

Pleural pneumonia

Caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, sometimes combined with Haemophilus parasuis, causing pigs to develop infectious diseases characterized by high fever and dyspnea. Spread through air and contact. It can occur all year round, but it is more common when the temperature is above 15 ° C, especially when the temperature is above 32 ° C, and when the pigsty is stuffy, it is more likely to become a wholesale disease. Pigs of all ages can be infected, but fattening pigs and fat pigs weighing more than 30kg and pregnant sows are more common.

Signs of pleural pneumonia

Lung anatomy illustration

It is characterized by elevated body temperature, difficulty breathing, asthma, cough, and cyanosis.

(1) The most acute type: Appears at the beginning of the onset, and often die suddenly without symptoms during life. At the time of death, a small amount of foamy bloody fluid was emitted from the mouth and nose, some ears, submandibular, and abdomen. Large patches of bleeding purple-red spots and spots appear on the skin of the chest.

(2) Acute type: more common. The body temperature increased from 41 ° C to 42 ° C, some could reach 43 ° C, shortness of breath and difficulty, abdominal fanning, severe canine sitting-type mouth breathing, and about one third of sick pigs in the ear. Flaky or red-colored bleeding spots and bleeding spots appear on the skin under the jaw, ventral side, buttocks, and extremities. Some runny or sticky bloody foamy nasal fluid. A few have paroxysmal cough, some have lameness, and some have neurological symptoms. Most sick pigs with severe dyspnea and bloody foamy nasal fluid or neurological symptoms died.

(3) Chronic type: mostly from acute type, with intermittent cough, loss of appetite, markedly slower weight gain, and some even stop gaining weight and become "stiff pigs".

Pathological changes of pleural pneumonia

Pleural pneumonia

There are:

(1) The trachea and bronchus are filled with bloody foamy liquid.

(2) The lungs are significantly enlarged with dark red to purplish red, and there is cellulose-like adhesion between the surface and the pleura, some are on the pericardium, and some are adherent to the pleura.

(3) There is bloody pleural effusion in the thoracic cavity, and some agglutination results are frozen.

Prevention and treatment of pleural pneumonia

(1) Complete disinfection of pig pens with fungus sterilization or 10% quick lime milk and 2% caustic soda; ventilation and cooling of pig pens in hot seasons.

(2) In the treatment of drugs, full consideration should be given to the easy formation of drug resistance between actinomycetes and haemophilus. Conditional pig farms should be tested for drug sensitivity first. Those who have not been tested for drug sensitivity should be treated with antibacterials that have not been used in the field.

According to our treatment of this disease from 1998 to 2004, good results have been achieved with the following prescriptions, which are now introduced for selection.

Formula one: Demixan long-acting injection, 20mg / kg body weight, deep intramuscular injection, breathing slows down on the second day of injection, body temperature drops below 40 ° C, appetite appears, and milder can be healed by the fourth day, Unhealed persons were re-injected at the above dose on the 4th day.

The second method: 20% oxytetracycline hydrochloride, 20mg / kg body weight, divided into two deep muscle injections, once a day, 3 times in a row, the effect is good.

The third method: Ampicillin is diluted with physiological saline for intravenous or intramuscular injection at 20-30mg / kg body weight, twice a day for 3 days. Oxytetracycline tablets, 2 to 4 tablets each time (each tablet contains 0.25g), orally with feed, 2 times a day, even for 5 to 7 days.

The above three prescriptions need to be supplemented with 10% of 30% Anner or 10ml of aminopyrine, intramuscular injection, once a day, 2 to 3 times in a row.

Party 4: Chinese medicine: 30g each of barberry, mahonia, honeysuckle vine, houttuynia cordata, 50g of big green leaf, 20g each of prickly grass and licorice. For decoction, take one or two doses per head daily for drinking or drinking. This prescription can be used for both treatment and prevention (halving the amount) of non-ill pigs.

How to prevent and treat pleural pneumonia in pigs

Porcine infectious pleural pneumonia is a respiratory infectious disease of pigs caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. It is clinically characterized by acute hemorrhagic cellulose pleurisy and chronic cellulose necrotizing pleurisy.

(A) diagnosis points

Sick pigs and infected pigs are the source of the disease. Because purchased breeding pigs bring infected pigs or chronically infected pigs into the herd, they can be transmitted through direct contact with droplets; pigs of all ages are susceptible, but at the age of 3 months Pigs are the most susceptible. Feeding management, hygienic conditions and severe weather significantly affect the level of morbidity and mortality, and they occur frequently in winter and spring.

Most acute type: Sudden onset of pigs, body temperature rises above 41.5 ° C, depressed spirit, loss of appetite, diarrhea, difficulty in breathing at a later stage, often in a dog sitting posture, open mouth and tongue, bleeding from the mouth and nose bleeding ribbon foam secretions, The heartbeat speeds up, and the skin of the mouth, nose, ears, and extremities appears dark purple. They die within 48 hours. Individual pigs die without obvious symptoms, with a mortality rate of 80-90%.

Acute type: Most pigs develop disease, body temperature is 40.5-41 , do not eat, cough, dyspnea, rapid heartbeat, affected by feeding management conditions and climate, the duration of the disease is uncertain, and can be changed to subacute or chronic.

Subacute or chronic type: body temperature is not high, systemic symptoms are not obvious, only intermittent cough, growth retardation, and some are recessive infections.

The lesions are mainly pneumonia and pleurisy. The general characteristics are: a large amount of bloody fluid and cellulose in the trachea and bronchus, mucosal edema, bleeding and thickening; pulmonary congestion, swelling, bleeding, edema and liver change, and those with a long course of disease have different sizes. Other necrotic lesions and abscesses; pleural effusion, pleural surface with cellulose, long-term disease, often with pleural adhesions.

(Two) preventive measures

Although many antibiotics are reported to be effective, but due to bacterial resistance, the clinical treatment effect of this disease is not obvious. However, general use of carbamazepine, intensive antibacterial agent, dino, flumoxacin intramuscular injection or thoracotomy is used for more than 3 days. , In the feed mix Zhiyuanjing, doxycycline, flumethoxin or berimycin, continuous medication for 5-7 days, has a good effect. It is best to do a drug sensitivity test if conditions permit, and choose a sensitive drug for treatment. Antibiotic treatment, although clinically successful, does not eliminate infection in pigs.

Because the disease is difficult to eradicate from pig farms, vigilance should be exercised during introduction to prevent the introduction of infected pigs. Pig farms have been issued with strict isolation measures to improve the breeding environment, pay attention to ventilation and ventilation, pay attention to reasonable density, regular disinfection, and persist throughout the year. Changfa pig farm can be vaccinated, but due to the many serotypes of this bacterium, the immune effect is not ideal.