What Is Syndactyly?

Syntax is the study of the components of a sentence and their order of arrangement. The object of syntactic research is sentence.

[jù f]

Syntax is the study of the components of a sentence and their order of arrangement. The object of syntactic research is sentence.

Chinese name

syntax

Foreign name

syntax

Sound

jùf

Attributes

Words

A part of grammar that is based on a fixed usage of the language being studied

Sentences are used to describe a thing, to express an idea, to ask a question. It is composed of a certain grammatical structure.

The football is in the box.

Sentences can be classified from two perspectives:

1) According to the purpose of the sentence, English sentences are as follows:

One)

The basic components that make up a sentence are called sentence components. Sentence components can be divided into subject, predicate, object, predicate, attributive, adverbial, appositive. They can be held by words, phrases, and sentences.

Syntactic subject

The subject is the person or thing to be expressed in a sentence and is the subject of the sentence.

I work here.
I work here.

She is a new teacher.
She is a new teacher.

He is in charge of a limited company.
He is in charge of a limited company.

Subjects can be composed of nouns, pronouns, numerals, infinitive verbs, verbs, nominalized adjectives, participles, clauses, phrases, etc.

The book is on the desk.
The book is on the table.

I get an idea.
I have an idea.

Two and two are four.
Two plus two equals four.

Smoking is bad to health.
Smoking is harmful to the body.

The wounded has been taken to the hospital.
The wounded have been taken to the hospital.

When to begin is not known yet.
When did you start?

What I know is important.
What I know is important.

Syntactic predicate

A predicate is used to explain what the subject did or was in. A predicate can be a verb and is usually placed after the subject.

The child has been brought up by his mother.
The child was brought up by his mother.

We don't know him very well.
We don't know him well.

She speaks English fluently.
She speaks English fluently.

The predicate is used to explain the nature, identity, characteristics and status of the subject. The predicate must be a compound predicate of the sentence together with the connection verb. The predicate is usually placed after the verb. A predicate can be a noun, an adjective, or a word or phrase that functions as both a noun and an adjective.

These desks are yellow.
These tables are yellow.

I am all right.
I'm fine.

We are happy now.
We are happy now.

It's over.
Time is up.

She is ten.
She is ten years old.

My work is teaching English,
My job is teaching English.

The dictionary is in the bag.
The dictionary is in the schoolbag.

My question is how you knew him.
My question is how do you know him.

Syntactic object

The object is the object involved in the predicate action. It is the receiver of the action. The object can be a noun or a component that functions as a noun. The object is usually placed after the predicate verb.

I saw a cat in the tree.
I saw a cat on the tree.

I want to go shopping.
I want to go shopping.

He said he could be here.
He said he would come.

We think you are right.
We think you are right.

Some transitive verbs can have two objects. One object refers to people, the other object refers to objects. The object referring to people is called an indirect object. The object referring to a object is called a direct object. The verbs that can take two objects are bring, give, show. , send, pass, tell etc. The indirect object is usually placed before the direct object. If you emphasize the direct object, you can put the direct object before the indirect object, but you must add "to" before the indirect object.

My father bought me a book.
My father bought me a book.

Give the rubber to me.
Give me the eraser.

Please give the letter to Xiao Li.
Please give this letter to Xiao Li.

Some transitive verbs need to be complemented with an object in addition to an object, otherwise the meaning is incomplete. Together they form a compound object. The object in the compound object and the following object complement have a logical subject-predicate relationship. The basis for judging whether it is two objects or a compound object. The object can be a noun or a word that functions as a noun.

We all call him Lao Wang.
We all call him Pharaoh.

Please color it red.
Please paint it red.

We found the little girl in the hill.
We found the little girl on the mountain. ^[1]

Sentence

Words used to describe the nature, characteristic range, and other conditions of nouns, pronouns, phrases or clauses are called attributives. Attributives can be composed of nouns, adjectives, and words and phrases that function as nouns and adjectives. If the attributive is a single word, the attributive is placed before the modified word, if it is a phrase, the attributive is placed after the modified word.

That is a beautiful flower.
It was a beautiful flower.

The TV set made in that factory is very good.
The televisions made in that factory are good.

This is my book, not your book.
This is my book, not yours.

There are more than twenty trees in our school.
There are more than twenty trees in our school.

I have a lot of things to do.
I have a lot to do.

Our country is a developing country.
Our country is a developing country.

Syntactic adverbial

: Words that describe the time, place, cause, purpose, result mode, condition, or incidental situation, degree, etc. of things happening are called adverbials. Adverbials can be served by adverbs, phrases, and clauses.

We went to the countryside last year.
We went to the countryside last year.

I often read the news paper at night.
I often read the newspaper at night.

We study hard for our country.
We study hard for our country.

I'm late because I missed the bus.
I was late because I missed the car.

I go to school on foot.
I walk to school.

simple sentence

Simple sentences can be divided into the following five forms:

1) Subject + verb + predicate.

I am a student.
I am a student.

You are a teacher.
You are a teacher.

She is a worker.
She is a worker.

The picture is beautiful.
The photo is beautiful.

The football is on the floor.
Football on the ground.

2) Subject + intransitive verb.

The sun rises in the east.
The sun rises from the east.

We arrived at Beijing yesterday.
We arrived in Beijing yesterday.

They have worked for tree hours this morning.
They worked three hours this morning.

3) subject + transitive verb + object

We help each other.
We help each other.

I have received a letter from my parents.
I received a letter from my parents.

I bought a bike last year.
I bought a bicycle last year.

4) subject + transitive verb + indirect object + direct object

I gave him a book last week.
I gave him a book last week.

My parents will buy me a gift.
My parents will buy me a gift.

5) Subject + transitive verb + object + object complement.

I heard him singing in the hall.
I heard him singing in the hall.

I saw her watching TV play.
I saw her watching TV.

Coordinate sentence

Parallel sentences: A sentence connecting two or more simple sentences with a parallel conjunction is called a parallel sentence. Commonly used conjunctions are as follows:

also, and, but, either ... or, however, not only ... but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither ... nor.

The composition of a parallel sentence:

Simple sentences + connectives + simple sentences.

He studied hard and he passed the examination.
He studied hard and passed the exam.

Let's hurry, or we'll be late.
Let's hurry or be late.

I have been to Beijing many times but my parents have never been there.
I have been to Beijing many times, but my parents have never been.

Complex sentences

A compound sentence is a sentence in which two or more sentences with subject-predicate structure are connected by subordinate conjunctions. One sentence is the subject, called the main sentence, and the other sentence is called the clause.

Clauses are guided by connectives, which are:

that, before, whether, if, although, because, as long as, as soon, as, since, after, who, which, whom, what, whose, why, where, how, when,

Although a clause has a subject-predicate structure, it cannot be a single sentence. In the clause, the clause only serves as a certain component, and the subject clause can be divided into subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses, attributive clauses, and adverbial clauses.

A subject that acts as a subject in a sentence is called a subject clause.

Subject clauses are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence.

The words leading the subject clause are as follows:

that, who, whether, if, what, which, when, where, how, why.

Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.
Who wiped the blackboard is unknown.

What he said is not true.
He is not telling the truth.

That he'll come to see us is really great.
It's great that he came to see us.

It's very good that he has passed the exam.
He passed the exam so well.

The object clause in the sentence is called the object clause, and the object clause is placed after the verb.

The words that guide the object clause are as follows.

that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why,

I didn't expect that he had broken the glass.
I didn't expect him to break the glass.

Could you tell me who is your teacher?
Can you tell me who your teacher is?

I don't know why he is absent.
I don't know why he is not there.

A predicative clause is a predicative clause in a sentence. The predicative clause is placed after the system verb.

The words that guide the predicate clause are as follows.

that, if, why, what, which, when, where how, why, etc.

The question is whether he will join us next time.
The question is whether he will work with us next time.

That is why I am late.
That's why I'm late.

The attributive clause in the sentence is called the attributive clause. The attributive clause is placed behind the modified noun.

The words that guide attributive clauses are as follows.

who, whose, that, which, whom, when, where why.

Do you know the man who is in the car.
Do you know anyone sitting in a car?

This is the place where I was born.
This is where I was born.

That is the reason why he lost his job.
That's why he lost his job.

The adverbial clause in the sentence is called an adverbial clause. The adverbial clause is generally placed after the sentence and when it is emphasized, it is placed at the beginning of the sentence.

He opened the windows since it was hot.
Due to the hot weather, he opened the window.

When he was young, he couldn't go to school.
He failed to go to school when he was young.

I'll let you know as soon as he come back.
I'll tell you as soon as he comes back. ^[1]