What Are Food Crops?

Grain crops is a general term for cereal crops, potato crops (including sweet potatoes, potatoes, etc.) and food legumes (including soybeans, broad beans, peas, mung beans, adzuki beans, etc.). In terms of nutrition, cereal crops mainly provide starch, protein and vitamins, legume crops mainly provide protein and fat, and potato crops mainly provide starch and vitamin. This kind of crop is also a fine feed for livestock, which requires a large amount of cultivation and a large cultivated area and specific gravity. ^[1]

Food crops include

People started to cultivate them long ago. China planted rice 7000 years ago. Corn was grown in the Americas about 7,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, people in the Middle East started growing wheat (but that type of wheat is older than modern wheat). If you go to the field and take the stalks of rice or wheat to observe, you will find that they are similar to some grasses. Because they provide food for humans. Scientifically, they are called cereal crops (classified as

Food crop wheat

It is a generic name for wheat plants. It is a grass plant that is widely grown around the world. It originated in the Middle East and was introduced to China from ancient Iran by sea in 2600 BC. It was first planted on the Jiaodong Peninsula. Wheat is the second largest food crop in the world after corn, and rice is third. The caryopsis of wheat is one of the staple foods of human beings. After grinding into flour, it can be used to make bread, steamed bread, biscuits, cakes, noodles, churros, oil cakes, fire, croquettes, pancakes, dumplings, fried dumplings, buns, ravioli, egg rolls, instant noodles , Rice cake, pasta, cosmeal and other foods; fermented into beer, alcohol, vodka, or biomass fuel. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin A. Due to different varieties and environmental conditions, the nutritional composition varies greatly. In terms of protein content, wheat grains grown in continental arid climate regions are hard and transparent, with high protein content of 14% to 20%, strong and elastic gluten, suitable for baking bread; wheat grown in humid conditions The grain contains 8-10% protein, the wheat grains are soft, and the gluten is poor. It can be seen that the influence of geographical climate on the product formation process is very important. In addition to being used for human consumption, flour is only used in small amounts to produce starch, alcohol, gluten, etc. The processed by-products are high-quality feed for livestock.

Food crop corn

(Scientific name: Zea mays), also known as maize, glutinous rice, bract rice, corncob; Cantonese is called corn, and Minnan is called panmai. It is an annual grass family herbaceous plant and the highest total food crop in the world.

The annual cereal plant of the Poaceae Maydeae family, scientific name Zea mays, originated in North, Central and South America. The plants are tall, with strong, straight stems. The leaves are narrow and large, with undulating edges, alternate on both sides of the stem. Male flowers inflorescence spikes terminal. Female flower spikes are axillary, mature into cereal spikes, with large central axes, and spikelets are arranged in pairs to form two rows of grains. The ears of grain are covered with multilayer abnormal leaves, called foreskin. Grains are edible. The number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of diploid maize plants was 10 pairs. The commercial grade is mainly divided according to the texture of the grain, and is divided into horse-tooth, hard, powdery, poppy, waxy corn, sweet corn and so on. The top of the kernel is sunken, which is caused by the unequal dryness of hard and soft starch. Hard corn contains less soft starch, and the top does not sag after drying. The silty corn mainly contains soft starch, silty and easily crushed. Sweet corn is wrinkled, transparent, and sugar is not converted into starch. Burst corn is the extreme type of hard corn. The kernels are small and hard. They do not contain soft starch. When heated, the water in the cells expands and the kernels burst. Crossing with excellent inbred lines can improve maize types.

Corn is used as feed, food and industrial raw materials. It is used as the main food in many areas, but its nutritional value is lower than other grains. It also has low protein content and lacks tobacco acid. If corn is the main food, it is susceptible to pellagra. Corn has low gluten protein and is not suitable for making bread. In Latin America, corn is widely used as non-fermented tortillas. Corn is eaten throughout the United States to make boiled (or grilled) corn cobs, creamy corn flakes, corn grits (made of corn meal in the south), corn pudding, corn paste, polenta, scones, corn patties, pop corn Flowers, cakes and other food.

Grain crop sorghum

Poaceae, sorghum. 1-year herb. Culms solid, with pith in center. Tillers or branches. The leaves are like corn, thick and narrow, waxed, smooth, and the veins are white. Panicles, spikes are banded and hammer-shaped. Caryopsis is brown, orange, white or pale yellow. Seeds are ovoid, slightly flat, and sticky or non-sticky. Sexuality is warm, resistant to drought and waterlogging. It can be divided into edible sorghum, sugar sorghum, broom sorghum and other categories according to properties and uses. Cultivation is relatively extensive in China, with most of the northeast. Grains are used for food, brewing (sorghum) or making sugar. The sorghum stalks for sugar can be used to make syrup or raw food; the ears of sorghum for brooms can be used to make brooms or cookers;

Food crop sweet potato

Is a convolvulaceae, annual or perennial vine. Also known as potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, red scallion, etc., have different names depending on the region. Is an important source of vegetables, roots can be used as food, feed and industrial raw materials, with a wide range of functions. According to the analysis by nutritionist Li Yiyun, the average vitality index of sweet potato is 20.225, and the disease prevention index is 20.18, which belongs to the high value range (according to the statistics of "Gastrointestinal Health").

Sweet potato root can be divided into three forms: fibrous root, firewood root and tuber root. The fibrous roots are fibrous and have root hairs. The root system extends deep. It is generally distributed in a 30 cm layer of soil and can be more than 100 cm deep. It has the function of absorbing water and nutrients. Firewood root is about 1 cm thick and can reach 30-50 cm in length. It is a deformed succulent root formed by incomplete development due to soil drought, high temperature, and poor ventilation during the growth of fibrous roots. It has no use value. Roots are the organs that store nutrients and are also part of the food. It is distributed in the soil layer with a depth of 5 to 25 cm. It is elongated first and then thickened. Its shape, size, flesh color, etc. vary depending on the variety, soil and cultivation conditions. It is divided into spindle, cylindrical, spherical and Block shape, etc., skin colors are white, yellow, red, light red, purple red and other colors, flesh color can be divided into white, yellow, light yellow, orange red or with purple halo.

Food crop potato

(Scientific name: Solanum tuberosum, English: Potato), perennial herb, but cultivated annually or twice a year. The underground tubers are round, oval, oval, etc., with bud eyes, red, yellow, white or purple skin. Ground stems are angular and hairy. Odd pinnate compound leaves. Cymes are terminal, flowers white, red, or purple. Berries spherical, green or purple-brown. Seeds kidney-shaped, yellow. Multipurpose tuber breeding. Can be used as medicine. According to analysis by nutrition expert Li Yiyun, the potato vitality index is 8.6, which proves that it is effective in improving vitality; the disease prevention index is 126.67, which belongs to the high index range. The potato is an annual herb of Solanaceae. The tubers are edible and are important food and vegetables.

Many interesting names are given to potatoes based on their origin, sexuality, and morphology. For example: Lunan region in Shandong, China (Tengzhou) is called ground egg, Yunnan and Guizhou are called taro or yam, Shanxi is called yam egg, part of Anhui is also called sweet potato, and northeast provinces are mostly called potatoes. Potatoes are also called potatoes, potato, potato, potato, yam egg, potato, potato (known by the people of Hong Kong and Guangzhou). Although some regions call potatoes "yam eggs", there are actually things called yam eggs. So you need to be clear and don't get misunderstood. The Italians are called ground beans, the French are called ground apples, the Germans are called ground pears, the Americans are called Irish beans, and the Russians are called Dutch potatoes. In view of the confusion of the name, botanists have given it a universal scientific name-potato.