What Is a Cut and Fill?

Gestalt is one of the common question types in the test, that is, the most appropriate word or phrase is selected to complete the article. This entry will tell what is Gestalt, what type of Gestalt, and how to solve such questions.

Cloze

Gestalt is a common question type for middle and high school entrance examinations. This kind of question is called obstacle reading by experts. It is also one of the most difficult question types for middle school students. It is the intention of the questioner to remove some words in a semantically coherent article to form spaces, and requires that one of the corresponding alternative answers is selected.

Select and fill in the blanks

Read through the full text and get the idea

Gestalt questions are different from single-choice questions. A single-item blank question is given by one or two sentences, and the selected answer can be determined based on this sentence or before and after sentences. The Gestalt fill-in question gives a complete essay, and the selected answer is in the entire paragraph or the entire article. So before you do the problem, you must browse the full text to understand the meaning of the passage. This is a step that must not be omitted.

Each essay always has a certain theme, and paragraphs must be connected to each other, and they must be connected before and after, and the sentences must be closely connected to form a whole. So read through the full text in one go, don't interrupt your thinking, as long as you understand the meaning of the passage. Some details that are not understood can be skipped. If it does not affect the answer, you can

Steps to fill in cloze

The cloze test is a comprehensive test type that tests students' language ability. It integrates the analysis of the meaning of words, their idioms and collocations, syntax, grammar, and text comprehension. It examines not only the basic knowledge of language, but also the ability to analyze, judge, and use language in a comprehensive manner. Many students feel very difficult for this kind of test, and they always score low in various tests. So, is there a corresponding problem-solving technique for Gestalt? Teacher Shi Guizhuang of Shijiazhuang 20 said that

The article is short and hollowed out a lot. "College Entrance Examination Examination" requires 20 blank spaces in the 200-250-word essay, so students are required to pay attention to the word limit of the article when they do the questions and the teacher chooses the questions.

The situational meaning is the main choice, and the grammar choice is the blank.

The content of the essay is logical, the structure of the article is rigorous, and the levels are clear.

Fill in the blanks for words, supplement for the entire phrase or phrase.

Logic is strong, with real words as the main and supplementary words as the supplement.

Keep prompt sentences.

Discrimination of the meaning of words.

Fixed.

Syntax structure.

Cohesion and reasoning of articles.

Gestalt Answer Angle:

From a grammatical perspective.

From the perspective of word usage.

(3) From the context point of view.

From the perspective of idiomatic usage.

From the perspective of common sense and knowledge.

Gestalt test method

Gestalt tests the students' ability to use the language comprehensively, including the grasp and use of basic knowledge, the understanding of the logical connection of the entire article, the ability to distinguish the meaning of words in situations, and the ability to use phrase phrases. The biggest test item. Some candidates have done better in basic listening skills, but cloze-filling can only be done in one or two ways, and some even have a fear of cloze-filling, leading to the annihilation of the entire army. In fact, as long as we have confidence, have good psychological qualities, and add certain skills, cloze-filling is not an insurmountable divide.

First: psychologically, calm and not irritable

Fear of clozes is the root cause of mistakes. Some candidates are full of embarrassing thoughts, but they do nt know that this emotion will only dislodge all their thoughts, and they ca nt enter the mind at all. How can they understand the content of the article? How about it? Therefore, concentration of thoughts, building confidence, calmness, and removal of distractions are the guarantees for completing the fill-in-the-blank questions.

Secondly, in terms of answering strategies, we must grasp the following aspects: browse the full text and grasp the meaning; use grammar to straighten out the relationship; repeatedly meditate on difficult words; pay attention to coherence and logic, and check carefully to avoid omissions.

First: Browse the full text and grasp the idea

This is the first step to fill in the blanks. Browse through the full text in a quick way to understand the main idea of the article. Grasp the topic and keywords. Avoid out of context and reduce the blindness when solving the problem. This will prepare you for solving the problem. However, in the process of quickly browsing the full text, don't discourage new words. On the contrary, if you don't understand, you should swipe past, and wait for the blanks to be read carefully. Browse the full text to get more information provided by the context, and make final judgments based on the inherent logical meaning of the article, the main thread that runs through the article and the trend of the author's writing, grasp the context, adjust and position your own problem-solving ideas. .

Second: use grammar to straighten out relationships

Grammar knowledge is a magic weapon to guide cloze, and vocabulary is to determine their positions according to grammatical rules. Only with grammatical rules can articles be organized and logical. The cloze-filling question is actually "continuity of form and meaning, inseparable appearance from the god", just like deduction and connection, the rules of grammar play the role of "involving the lotus to bring out". For example, the pronoun after the preposition must be an object; the plural nouns are usually not plural; the adjective must be placed after the indefinite pronoun; the negation and interrogative sentence of the action verb should be composed of the auxiliary verb do; Grammar also includes grammatical phenomena such as tense, mood, non-predicate verbs, relational pronouns and relational adverbs, clauses, voice, and idioms.

a) Tense: Judgment of the tense questions in the cloze can be judged according to the information words representing time, or according to the information provided by the context. Table time words are: since, before, after, alert, every since, for a long time, yesterday.

b) Tone: Candidates find it difficult to judge virtual tone test questions. Such test questions are generally divided into two situations. One is that the words with table virtual conditional sentences or short sentences are in the question sentence, such as without, if, etc., and the other needs to be judged according to the context or logical relationship.

c) Non-predicate verbs: Non-predicate verbs have different grammatical functions and scopes of use. The participle is used as attributive and indicates the reason, time and adverbial adverbial; the infinitive is used as attributive and indicates the purpose and result adverbial. Verbs can be objects, subjects, predicates, or prepositional objects. Therefore, for non-predicate verb test questions, we must pay attention to analyzing its grammatical role in the sentence, and also pay attention to the fixed usage of some words. It is also necessary to firmly grasp the verbs that must follow the verb and the verbs that must follow the infinitive verb.

d) Substitute words: There are many alternative words in English, which can be used to replace words, as well as phrases, phrases or sentences. Common are do, so, one, ones, yours, theirs, this, that, those, he, it, they, etc. Gestalt questions take advantage of their textual advantages, and they always have such questions. Candidates should carefully analyze the semantic relationship of sentences when doing such questions, and find out what is replaced.

e) Phrases, idioms and idioms: For this type of multiple-choice questions, grammatical knowledge cannot be used for judgment. Therefore, the accumulation of time is usually very important. Only by being familiar with its meaning and usage can you make accurate and rapid judgments. Recognize phrases. Note that a type of phrase is composed of verb + preposition, or verb + adverb. In modern English, these phrases are many, practical, concise, flexible and expressive, such as break the ice, look forward to , Keep an eye on, catch one's eye, etc .; there is another type of prepositional phrase, such as with regard to, at the age of. If you can usually pay attention to the overall memory of phrases and phrases and master their matching rules, you can be handy when doing cloze filling, reduce mistakes, and improve the hit rate of cloze filling.

Third: Repeated meditation when encountering difficult words

Sometimes this situation is encountered. Most of the words are filled out. Only one or two difficult words are exhausted. It is still not essential. If the test time allows, do not give up easily. Then consider logically whether there is an implicit meaning, the author's emotions, background culture and customs. Sometimes the sentence seems to be missing everything. It is very complete to read, so you must consider it. The most likely thing is the conjunction and, the adverbs then, always, sometimes, etc. If you have nt filled them out, you should meditate several times and some words will quiet Then, emerge in your memory.

Fourth: pay attention to the coherence up and down, logical

This is considered in terms of sentence structure. For example: if a blank space is between two sentences, the parallel conjunctions and, but, or, however, there? fore, while, for, etc. should be selected according to the context and the relationship between the contexts; or Connect attributive clauses with relational pronouns and relational adverbs, such as who, which, that, who, who, where, why, etc., or who, whatever, what, who, when, where, how, why, if, why, that Equal connectives connect noun clauses, or when, where, because, unless, though, even if, so that subordinate connectives connect various adverbial clauses. If we know their basic usage and their differences, the meaning and structure of the sentence after filling in the selected word are complete, coherent up and down, and grasp the text logic of the text, then it is not difficult to choose the best answer.

Fifth: careful inspection to avoid oversight

After all the answers have been selected, the article is complete and should be read again from beginning to end. This is also the most important point, which requires careful inspection of each blank space for typos or omissions to adjust the answer. Some candidates are complacent because they have filled out all of them. They did not expect that they were either missing "'" or missing "s", or forgot to add "ed". This is a pity, because he understood the meaning I understand the question, but I miss Jingzhou because of carelessness, so careful inspection and repeated reading can reduce omissions and improve the accuracy of cloze filling. Any discrepancies must be carefully considered and corrected in terms of meaning, grammar, and logic of writing. For example: grammatically, check whether the completed sentence has the same subject and predicate; whether the tense and voice are correct; whether the nature and case of the noun and pronoun are consistent; whether the verbs, nouns, adjectives and prepositions or adverbs are matched correctly. For some difficult empty items, you can stick to the answer you choose firstly, depending on your sense of language.

Gestalt training at different periods:

At the review stage: first of all, you must be proficient in all the grammar knowledge you have learned, remember idioms, especially verb phrases; pay attention to the true understanding of the English meaning of vocabulary such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Criticism and certain rhetorical colors; pay attention to their synonyms, synonyms, antonyms and their discrimination; secondly, do more cloze exercises in a planned way, read more short passages in a planned way, enhance English reading ability, and improve understanding .

At the exam stage: after you get the cloze test questions, don't rush to do it, you must comprehensively consider options from multiple aspects such as grammar, idioms, content and common sense; you must understand both the surface content information described in the article materials, and understand Deep meanings such as coherence and extension in the article material.

Gestalt Filling Mistakes Reminder

example:

Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more -61- (refreshed), in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring itself- 62- (physically), as opposed to REM (rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially -63- (done) in the afternoon or early evening, produces more 64 (deep sleep) early in the night. -65- (Exercise) can also help you get a better night's sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness -66- (caused) by exercise can improve sleep.

Exercise encourages weight loss and also may -67- (relieve) depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the -68- (nighttime) drop in your body's temperature. The -69- (benefits) of exercise are especially important for older people, -70- (since) exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime --- working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.

61. a. Conscious b. Peaceful c. Effective d. Refreshed

62. a. Physically b. Mentally c. Emotionally d. Regularly

63. a. Made b. Done c. Functioned d. Conducted

64. a. Night's sleep b. Dreaming sleep c. Deep sleep d. REM

65. a. Exercise b. Dreams c. Researchers d. Doctors

66. a. Recovered b. Strengthened c. Caused d. Reduced

67. a. Increase b. Relieve c. Release d. Arouse

68. a. Nighttime b. Daytime c. Dinnertime d. Lifetime

69. a. Disadvantages b. Benefits c. Ways d. Places

70. a. Yet b. If c. When d. Since

Analysis: By browsing this short article, we know that the main sentence of this short article is: Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. So we know that this article is talking about physical exercise. The following blanks are about this. We have already talked about the principle of "gestalt must obey complete meaning, single sentences must obey paragraphs, paragraphs must obey the full text, and parts must obey the overall situation."

In the first paragraph of this essay, we get inspiration from physical activity and in the body. 62 questions should be filled with a. Physically; deep sleep from the second and third sentences, and 64 questions should be filled with c. Deep The practice of sleep; 62 and 64 embodies the principles of "gestalt must obey completeness" and "single sentence must obey paragraphs". Questions 61 and 63 can be solved according to the principle of "looking forward and looking backwards, looking for correlation". If a person sleeps better, then he will feel refreshed when we wake up. We do exercise instead of made, functioned, or conducted exercise. When we do 65 questions, we can get inspiration from the first and third paragraphs, the first paragraph mentions two 'physical activity' and 'physical exercise', and the third paragraph has 5 exercises or exercises, combined with the second The meaning of the paragraph, it is not difficult to see 65 questions should be filled in a. Exercise. Let s look at 69 questions. From the grammar of a single sentence, four options can be filled in. From the meaning of a single sentence, three are benefits, ways, places Options can be filled in, but from the full text, especially the 'regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit' in the first sentence of the article, only b. Benefits are filled in, and it is the only answer. The practice of 65 questions and 69 questions embodies the principles of "gestalt must obey complete meaning", "paragraphs must obey the full text, and parts must obey the overall situation". ^[1]