What Are the Different Types of Corneal Transplant Surgery?

Corneal transplantation surgery is to replace the cornea of cloudy or diseased part with transparent corneal sheet, in order to increase vision, treat some corneal diseases and improve appearance. Is the best effect of allograft surgery.

Corneal transplant

Corneal transplant surgery is to replace the cornea with cloudy or diseased parts with transparent corneal film to increase vision and treat some

There are two types of corneal transplantation: full-thickness (penetrating) corneal transplantation. Replace full-thickness cornea with full-thickness transparent cornea. Indications include centrality

Lamellar corneal transplantation

Lamellar corneal transplantation: It is a partial thickness corneal transplantation. During the operation, the diseased tissue in front of the cornea is removed, leaving the underlying tissue as a transplant bed. Grafts are usually thin, leaving only the posterior elastic and endothelial layers. Therefore, lamellar corneal transplantation can be performed where corneal lesions do not invade the deep or posterior elastic layer of the corneal stroma, and the physiological function of the endothelium is healthy or recoverable. It is often used clinically for superficial corneal plaques or

General examination and treatment are the same as those of inner eye surgery.

1. Patients received 0.3% droperidol eye drops 1 to 2 days before surgery.

2. On the night before surgery, 0.25% eserin eye ointment packs the eye, or 1% per hour before surgery

1. Eyelid opening with sutures or eyelids. Sutures are fixed on the superior and inferior rectus muscles. Corneal fistula, perforation, aphakia and suture fleiringa ring in pediatric patients.

2. According to the scope of corneal lesions, a ring drill is selected. Generally, a 7-7.5mm ring drill is used to drill the implant bed. Adults generally choose a ring drill that is 0.25mm smaller than the graft, drill through the implant bed and cut out the diseased cornea.

3 Drill the graft from the epithelial surface, hold the donor eye with gauze around the cornea in the left hand, and place the ring drill vertically in the donor

1. The dressing was changed daily after operation, and the eyes were bandaged for 2 to 3 days.

2. The application of antibiotics depends on the condition and is generally administered systemically for 2 to 3 days.

3 Glucocorticoids were given intravenously for 3 to 5 days, and they were taken orally. After 10 days, the physiological dose was changed for 1 to 3 months (for fungal infections with caution). One week later, 1% cyclosporine a was added to the eye drops.

4 Continue to use effective anti-infective drugs for the primary disease of different infections.

5.

Corneal transplant surgery attention

1. The size of the ring drill should be selected appropriately. Both the removal of the lesion as much as possible and the reduction of postoperative complications should be considered. The center of the implant hole should be located at the center of the pupil. If the ring drill exceeds 8mm, it is easy to produce a rejection reaction, which is too small and the optical effect is poor.

2. To protect the corneal endothelium of the donor, the implants under the drill should have the endothelial side facing up and a drop of saline or healon on the endothelial side to prevent drying.

3 When drilling the implant bed, the ring drill should be perpendicular to the corneal surface, the implant bed tilts, which affects healing; do not use too much force when drilling, otherwise it will easily damage the iris and lens. After a certain part penetrates, it is better to use corneal scissors . If possible, a little healon can be injected into the anterior chamber, which is more conducive to surgery.

4 The suture should be properly aligned, the suture depth is 4/5 of the entire corneal layer, and the distance between each needle is as uniform as possible to reduce astigmatism.

5. The formation of the anterior chamber during surgery is particularly important, and the watertight state is the best, followed by the airtightness. If the anterior chamber cannot form, find the cause, such as air leakage and water leakage, to strengthen the suture.

Corneal transplantation is suitable for people

1. Corneal turbidity caused by recurrent viral keratitis. Patients who have not completely relapsed within six months after a complete cure may consider corneal transplantation;

2. Corneal turbidity patients who have been burned with acid and alkali chemicals can undergo corneal transplantation after one year of healing.

3 Corneal ulcers have a large scope and deep invasion, and will not heal for a long time. Those who are at risk of perforation or ulcerated corneal ulcers that invade the center should immediately perform corneal transplantation;

4 Patients with congenital corneal degeneration and keratoconus should also undergo corneal transplantation immediately;

5. For patients with corneal scars caused by ocular trauma, in order to make the eye function better, corneal transplant surgery can also be considered.

6. The most important thing for corneal transplantation is to have healthy corneal materials. Allogeneic (human) allogeneic (donated by others) corneal materials must be transplanted within 48 hours to improve the success rate of corneal transplantation. ^[1]