What are the different types of immunotherapy of melanoma?
The three main types of immunotherapy of melanoma are cytokine therapy, vaccine therapy and anticytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) therapy. Cytokine therapy works in such a way that the immune system is deceiving a stronger reaction against tumor cells. Immunotherapy of melanoma vaccines works by increasing the ability of the immune system to identify and destroy tumor cells. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy prevents the suppression of basic immune respondents known as T-cells.
cytokines are protein molecules used in cell communication and signaling. By using the power of these signal molecules, oncologists were able to treat melanoma. Two types of immunotherapy of cytokines for melanoma are interferon-alpha and interleukin-2.
When the cell is infected with foreign material, it is called the host cell. The infection causes the production and release of interferon by the host cell and interferon activates the immune response. Oncologists used this biochemical process by providing their patients a large dosey interferon alpha to increase the immune response against melanoma. Immunotherapy interleukin-2 for melanoma parts of work by developing the development of white blood cells, t lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. These cells help seek and destroy cancer cells throughout the body and are often used when melanoma metastasizes.
Immunotherapy of melanoma vaccine also works by increasing the immune response against tumor cells. Most of the tumor cells have connected marker proteins. Vaccination therapy increases the ability of the immune system to detect tumor marketing proteins, initiate and maintain a strong immune response. There are many different options for immunotherapy of vaccine. Often combining vaccine and interleukin-2 therapy increases the efficacy of chemotherapy.
CTLA-4 is a protein that prevents important immune responses of white blood cells known as T-cells and blocking this protein, CTLA-4, can not only helpor immune responses against tumor cells, but can also help melanoma vaccines. In this type of therapy, a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4 binds to CTLA-4 and prevents it from disrupting T-cell function. Ipilimumab is one of the drugs used to combat melanoma that uses this biochemical principle. Immunotherapy of melanoma is constantly evolving because new ways of using the immune system against tumor cells are examined. In addition, oncologists are beginning to understand how to use combinations of these types of immunotherapy to maximize chemotherapy efficiency and minimize side effects.