What Is Cytotoxicity?

Cytotoxicity is a simple cell killing event caused by cells or chemicals, and does not depend on the mechanism of cell death of apoptosis or necrosis. Sometimes it is necessary to perform cytotoxicity tests on specific substances, such as drug screening.

Cytotoxicity

Cytotoxicity is a simple cell killing event caused by cells or chemicals, and does not depend on the mechanism of cell death of apoptosis or necrosis. Sometimes it is necessary to test the cytotoxicity of specific substances, such as

Cytotoxicity is a simple cell killing event caused by cells or chemicals, and does not depend on the mechanism of apoptosis or necrosis of cell death. Sometimes it is necessary to perform cytotoxicity tests on specific substances, such as drug screening.

Cytotoxicity testing is mainly based on changes in cell membrane permeability. The following methods are commonly used:

MTT and XTT methods: using specific mitochondrial enzyme activity, specific tetrazole salts can be

Definition of "cytotoxicity" in academic literature

1.According to the definition of the European Standards Organization CEN 1992 document 30, cytotoxicity refers to cell death, cell lysis and cell growth inhibition caused by products, materials and their impregnations.

2. Cytotoxicity refers to the toxicity of this substance to cultured cells. P-388LulZ0 leukemia cells or KB tumor cells are usually used for in vitro tests. To test the cytotoxicity of marine natural products, sea urchin fertilized eggs are often used to observe the inhibitory effect of samples on cell division

3.Strong its cytotoxicity and promote the proliferation of these two cells, also known as cytotoxicity

Cytotoxicity is a chemical substance (drug) that acts on the basic structure and / or physiological processes of the cell, such as cell membrane or cytoskeleton structure, cell metabolism, synthesis, degradation or release of cell components or products, ion regulation and cell division. Disturbances that lead to cell survival, proliferation, and / or function. According to the mechanism of action can be divided into 3 types:

Basic cytotoxicity, involving changes in one or more of the above structures or functions, affecting all types of cells;

Choose cytotoxicity, which exists on some differentiated cells, and is mainly caused by biological transformation of chemicals, binding with special receptors, or special ingestion mechanisms;

Cells have special functional toxicity, and have slight damage to cell structure and function, but very serious damage to the whole body. Similar toxic effects can be achieved through the synthesis, release, binding, and degradation of cytokines, hormones, and transmitters that affect cell-to-cell communication or special transport processes. Toxic effects may also come from the interference of chemicals on extracellular processes, and any non-animal detection system should consider multiple factors. In 1983, Ekwall proposed the concept of "basic cell function", that is, the toxic effect of most chemicals is non-specific damage to cell function, but it can cause specific changes in organ function and even body death.

Studies have shown that there is a good correlation between the in vitro cytotoxicity of chemicals and the blood concentrations of animal deaths and human deaths caused by them. The damage and death caused by chemicals can eventually manifest as changes at the cellular level, and it is speculated that in vitro cytotoxicity can predict acute in vivo toxicity. More than 50 years have passed since early research, and in vitro systems that predict acute toxicity in vivo have been developed. The quantitative research between in vitro cytotoxicity and acute toxicity is mainly based on the in vitro cytotoxicity IC50 values of various chemicals in the RC (Registry of Cytotoxicity) database (the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Chemical Toxicity Database) and the in vivo acute Correlation analysis was performed on the toxic LD50 value to obtain an RC prediction model for prediction of the LD50 value of acute toxicity. Cytotoxicity was used to compare the predictive capabilities of various detection endpoints, different tissues, and species. It was found that rodent cell lines have a good ability to predict rodent acute toxicity, and human cell lines have a good ability to predict human acute toxicity. BALB / c3T3 cells and human normal keratinocytes (NHK) have good stability and predictive ability in verification experiments. Therefore, they are recommended as commonly used cell lines for cytotoxicity analysis. Other cell lines and detection endpoints can also be used. In vitro methods help predict systemic and local effects from acute exposure to chemicals and assess toxic concentrations in vivo. Therefore, before the acute toxicity test is performed, an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis is performed, and then the LD50 value is predicted according to the RC prediction model. The most suitable starting dose for acute toxicity in vivo is selected to reduce the use of experimental animals. ^[1]