What Are the Triceps Surae?

Triceps brachii: Department of the extensor muscles of the upper arm. There are 3 heads at the beginning: the long head starts from the subpelvic trochanter of the scapula; the lateral head and the medial head start from the back of the humerus, and the 3 heads continue to a tendon, ending at the ulna olecranon. This muscle function is to extend the forearm and help adduct the upper arm. Dominated by radial nerves (necks 6-8). Muscles on the back of the arm. Cover the entire back of the humerus. Composed of long head, lateral head and medial head, the role is to stretch the elbow.

Chinese name: Triceps brachii
Foreign name: Musculus triceps brachii

Classification: Medical Terminology
Features: Controlling elbow movement

Triceps physiophysiological position

Located under the skin behind the upper arm, there are three heads. The long head rises from the inferior scapular tuberosity, the lateral head rises from above the radial nerve sulcus behind the humerus body, and the medial head rises from inside the radial sulcus behind the humerus body. The three heads form a muscular abdomen, with its tendons ending at the ulna olecranon. Its physiological cross section is 22.60 square centimeters. When nearly fixed, the forearm is extended at the elbow joint, and the long head is also used to extend the upper arm at the shoulder joint, which is the main muscle that straightens the elbow joint. When the distant is fixed, keep the upper arm and the forearm straight at the elbow joint (for example, push the hand upside down).

Weight-bearing arm flexion and extension, parallel bar support swing arm flexion and extension, handstand push up, push-ups and other auxiliary exercises can develop this muscle strength.

Triceps Anatomy

Triceps Beginning

(1) Long head: subscapular nodules.

(2) Lateral head: the proximal end of the humerus.

(3) Medial head: the distal end of the back of the humerus.

Triceps brachii

The ulnar eagle mouth.

Triceps trigger point position

(1) Inside the long head at the junction of the long head of the triceps brachii and the great round muscle.

(2) The outer edge of the medial head of the triceps, above the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

(3) The outer edge of the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle, in the middle of the upper arm.

(4) The medial head of the triceps brachii, directly above the ulna olecranon.

(5) The inner edge of the medial head of the triceps, the epicondyle of the humerus.

Triceps Pain Involved

the back of the upper arm, the shoulder to the back of the neck, the forearm to the back of the hand; the outer epicondyle of the humerus, the radial side of the forearm; the back of the upper limb; the olecranon; Palm face.

Triceps and Triceps Related Disorders

Triceps brachialis tendon reflex

It is completed by cervical innervation of 6-7. The patient was tested with the forearm in the forearm and elbow half-flexed position, and the muscles were relaxed. The examiner held the patient's forearm in one hand and tapped the tricuspid tendon with a percussion hammer in the other hand. If no obvious movement is elicited, the triceps tendon reflex will weaken or even disappear. It is common in high radial nerve injury, cervical spine fracture and dislocation, cervical spondylosis, cervical myelopathy, etc .; if the range of activity is increased and short, it is hyperreflexia of the triceps brachii, and it is common in upper motor neuron damage diseases such as cerebral palsy.

Triceps brachialis tendon rupture

Severe type of triceps tendon injury. Seen in gymnastics, football and other sports. Most of the time, when the elbow is half-flexed, the triceps is broken due to the violent contraction. Such fractures are mostly caused by indirect violence, and fewer direct impacts on the elbow. The tendon has many superficial ruptures, and the stump often occurs at the junction of the tendon and the bone, without leaving a stump at the distal end. Because the avulsion at the eagle's mouth can be accompanied by small bone fragments, it is also known as "triceps brachial tendon avulsion fracture." A sound can be heard at the time of injury, and then the elbow is weak, and the broken place is hollow and hollow, and the eagle's mouth is sensitive and tender. The elbow extension function is completed by the triceps and elbow muscles, so the elbow can still flex and stretch. In order to avoid missed diagnosis, the patient can bend down, lift the affected limb sideways, and do the "anti-gravity elbow extension test". If the elbow joint cannot be actively straightened, it is positive. Surgery must be performed, and the stump is sewn on the bed of the olecranon. Upper limb support can be practiced only 5 months after surgery to avoid breaking again. If the old wound can not be sutured directly, it can be repaired with fascial transplantation and the effect is better.

Triceps Inversion Inversion

One of the clinical signs of cervical spinal cord disease. Means that when checking the triceps tendon reflex, normal people can see the forearm straight. If forearm flexion occurs, the reflection is inverted. This inversion can be seen only when the triceps tendon weakens or disappears, and the biceps tendon reflex is intact. The lesions are 7 to 8 knots in the cervical spinal cord.

Triceps forward to replace biceps

Indications for Triceps Surgery

If the biceps is paralyzed and the elbows cannot be flexed, the triceps function is good.

Triceps preparation before surgery

The triceps muscle strength and elbow flexion function were measured before surgery. Prepare bone drills, wires, and buttons.

Triceps Anesthesia

Brachial plexus anesthesia.

Triceps posture

Supine position with shoulder pads on the affected side.

Triceps Surgery Procedures

(1) Incision: Cut the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia longitudinally on the posterior and lateral sides of the upper arm. The incision is about 10 cm long.

(2) Exposing the lower abdomen and aponeurosis of the triceps brachii: Anatomy of the abdomen and tendons of the triceps brachii from the distal distal 1/4 of the upper arm is performed. A 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide fascia strip was cut from the outside of the femur and stitched into a tube. One end was anastomized with the triceps tendon and the other end was ready for displacement.

(3) Displacement and fixation of the triceps brachii: A longitudinal incision is made on the outer lateral side of the forearm, and the radial brachii and pronator muscles are pulled away to reveal the radial tuberosity. Use a bone drill to drill the radial trochanter to the dorsal side, and use a thin steel wire to penetrate and fix the wide fascia strip that is connected to the triceps brachii. Elbow joint, tighten the wire, and fix it with a button on the skin.