What Is an Oxytocin Receptor?

Oxytocin (oxytocin) is a peptide hormone. Secreted by the posterior pituitary. Synthesized from the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Consists of 9 amino acids. Transported to the pituitary gland at a rate of 2 mm to 3 mm per day. The methionine residues at the "1" and "6" positions form a 6-peptide cyclic structure in the form of a disulfide bond. Its physiological role: stimulate the breast to secrete milk, promote the contraction of uterine smooth muscles during childbirth, and promote maternal love. In addition, it can reduce levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline in the body to lower blood pressure. It is not patented by women, and can be secreted by both men and women. ^[1]

Chinese name: Oxytocin

Chinese alias: oxytocin acetate; oxytocin;

English name: oxytocin

English alias: -Hypophamine Oxytocic hormone;

CAS number: 50-56-6

Molecular formula: C ₄₃ H ₆₆ N ₁₂ O ₁₂ S ₂

Molecular weight: 1007.19000

Exact mass: 1006.44000

PSA: 450.13000

LogP: 1.55630 ^[2]

Appearance and properties: lyophilized powder

Density: 1.27 g / cm ³

Melting point: 192-194 ° C

Boiling point: 1533.3ºC at760mmHg

Flash point: 881.1ºC

Storage conditions: 2-8ºC ^[2]

Packing level: II

Hazard category: 6.1 (a)

Dangerous Goods Transport Code: 3249

WGK Germany: 3

Danger category code: R36 / 37/38

Safety instructions: S26; S36

RTECS number: RS7534000

Dangerous goods sign: Xi ^[2]

CAS number: 50-56-6

MDL number: MFCD00076731

EINECS number: 200-048-4

RTECS number: RS7534000

BRN number: 3586108

PubChem number: 24897975 ^[2]

1. Reference value for calculation of hydrophobic parameters (XlogP): -2.6

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 12

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 13

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 17

5. Number of tautomers: 1001

6. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA): 400

7. Number of heavy atoms: 69

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 1870

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 9

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[2]

Brown glass bottle sealed in light sealed packaging. Store in a cool, dry place. ^[2]

Method 1: Extraction method (currently adopted in China, the purity is low, but the cost is low)

Extraction of oxytocin: 100g of dried leaf powder and 30g of quartz powder are put into a ball mill, distilled water is added, and extraction is performed four times in the same way. The amount of distilled water added was 1.4 L twice and 1.3 L twice. Extract each time for 45min, centrifuge, collect the liquid, and extract the residue. Combine the four extractions to obtain the oxytocin solution. After leaf dry powder [water, ball mill] oxytocin extraction liquid chromatography separation.

Add 1500g of artificial zeolite processed in advance, add 20L of 0.25% acetic acid solution, stir and pour it into the exchange column. When the acetic acid solution drops to 2-3cm above the zeolite surface, add the extraction solution and collect the white at an appropriate flow rate. Turbid fluid (mainly containing oxytocin, because of its pI7.7, and vasopressin pI10.9, easily become positive ions and are adsorbed). When the liquid level of the extraction solution dropped to the surface of the zeolite, distilled water was added immediately, and the turbid liquid was continuously collected until it ran out. The turbid solution was adjusted to pH 3.5 with glacial acetic acid, quickly heated to 95 ° C in a water bath for 3 minutes, quickly cooled and refrigerated overnight. Oxytocin extraction liquid [HAc, artificial zeolite column] turbid liquid [HAc, heating] separation liquid adsorption and elution. The next day, the refrigerated solution was filtered, and the filtrate was added with 10% bentonite slurry (3 ml per 100 ml) under stirring, stirred for 1 h for adsorption, and centrifuged. The supernatant was checked with a sulfosalicylic acid test solution. No precipitation occurred and the adsorption was complete. If it is not complete, adsorb again and combine twice the bentonite slurry to precipitate. Bentonite was eluted four times with 1% acetic acid (1.6L, 1.4L, 1.2L, 0.8L respectively). When each eluent was heated to 80 ° C, trichloro-tert-butanol was added, and the temperature was raised to 95 ° C , Quick cooling to 25 ° C, filtering or centrifuging, combining the four filtrates, testing the titer and vasopressin limit. Refrigerant solution [filtration] filtrate [bentonite slurry] adsorbate [1% HAc] preparation of eluent oxytocin injection.

The measured qualified oxytocin solution was diluted to 5U / ml or 10U / ml, filtered through a No. 4 or No. 5 vertical melting funnel, potted, and steam sterilized at 100 ° C for 30 minutes to obtain a finished product. Oxytocin solution (qualified for measurement) [filter potting, sterilization] Oxytocin injection.

Note: Artificial zeolite treatment: After passing through a 60-80 mesh sieve of new zeolite, add 2L of distilled water every 500g, adjust the pH to 9 with sodium hydroxide, keep it for half an hour, pour off the supernatant, add 2L of water, adjust to pH9, and pour Supernatant, add water, stir and add dilute sulfuric acid to lower the pH to 5.8-6 and stir for half an hour. Pour off the supernatant and wash with water again and again 7-8 times. Add 1 L of water and dilute sulfuric acid, stir for half an hour, pour off the supernatant, wash with water to pH 7, filter dry, and dry for later use.

Regeneration of artificial zeolite: Wash the artificial zeolite twice with distilled water, then add 1.5 L of water (calculated based on 500 g of zeolite) and 150 g of sodium chloride and stir for 2 h, wash to remove the vasopressin, and then wash with distilled water until no chloride ions. Add an appropriate amount of water, adjust the pH to 9 with sodium hydroxide, stir for half an hour, pour off the supernatant, wash with distilled water, adjust the pH to 5.5-6 with sulfuric acid, wash with water to near neutral, filter dry, and bake at 105 ° C. Dry standby. Add an appropriate amount of water before use, adjust with glacial acetic acid, and stir and soak. The preparation of 10% bentonite slurry was mixed according to the ratio of the mass of bentonite to the volume of water of 1:10, ground for about 1 hour, and the pH was adjusted to 3.5 at the time of acetic acid during grinding, and placed in a refrigerator for later use.

Method 2: Chemical synthesis method firstly synthesize 7 peptide amide (paragraphs 3-9) from benzyloxycarbonyl leucine p-nitrophenyl ester, and then synthesize benzyloxycarbonyl-S-benzylcysteine · tyrosyl azide (Paragraphs 1-2), the third step synthesizes oxytocin. ^[2]

In 1911,

The chemical structures of oxytocin in humans and most mammals are as follows:

A study by Caroline De Klerk of the University of Antwerp in Belgium found that oxytocin only works with people who are in contact with the "right": when he comes into contact with more familiar people, then oxytocin will make him better at communication; but if Being a stranger, oxytocin will have no effect. In addition, Swedish researchers have found that oxytocin can only bring users closer to their fellow countrymen, but has little effect on foreigners.

In addition, people's different responses to oxytocin may be related to their original amount in the blood, people's mental state may also be related to the time point of inhaling oxytocin, and even to the translation of their own OXTR gene. The protein OXTR encoded by the OXTR gene is distributed throughout the nervous and reproductive systems and is a receptor for the oxytocin molecule. When A at a specific locus in the DNA sequence encoding the protein gene (

Some cosmetics may have added oxytocin, and there are also "spray oxytocin" sales on the Internet, and even some people buy autism that hopes to cure children. In this regard, scientists expressed deep concern.

Hugh Carter of the University of Illinois at Chicago warned that, not to mention that the spray dose of oxytocin is very low to achieve therapeutic effects, the key is that no one knows how long-term use will affect patients. ^[2]