What is an optical disk?

The optical disc is vertically oval stain at the back of the eye about three to four millimeters (0.14 to 0.18 inches) to the center. It consists of nerve fibers of nerve cells, called ganglia cells that are located in the eye layer sensitive to light, called retina. 1.0 to 1.2 million ganglium cell nerve fibers or axons leave the eye on the disk and form an optical nerve that transmits visual information to the brain. The physiological blind place in the field of vision of each eye is the result of a lack of cells, rods and cones sensitive to lights on an optical disk. Exploring an optical disk through a pupil provides valuable diagnostic information regarding various eye and neurological diseases.

In diameter, the optical disk measures approximately 1.92 millimeters (0.09 inches) vertically by 1.76 millimeters (0.08 inches) horizontally. The optical cup is a low central disk depression, usually including about 33 percent of the disk area. The normadisk is orange to yellowish pink color with well -defined edges. The pine aroundThe cup is slightly stronger at the lower pole, while the thinnest part of the border is temporarily. Standard ophthalmic examination involves notification of disk color, cup size, edge definition, related bleeding or swelling and marginal anomalies.

glaucoma is a degenerative disease of an optical nerve usually associated with a permanent increase in eye pressure. A characteristic feature of glaucoma is the progressive expansion of the optical cup due to the size of the optical disk. There may also be a notch of the disk edge as well as the bleeding on the edge of the disk. Progressive entertainment to the optical disk is a sign of continuing thinning of the nerve fibers of the retina. Clinical studies show that the reduction of eye pressure by 20 to 30 percent effectively stops damage to the optical nerve in most cases.

and PDISK, however, testifies to poor supply of blood or atrophy. Optical atrophy is a characteristic feature of ganglium cell damageHeavy degrees of damage are characterized by the chalk white color of the disk with sharp, unusually sharp borders. Mild degrees of atrophy can be recognized by comparing the color of the disk with colleagues. Optical atrophy occurs four to six weeks after cell damage due to reduced blood circulation or inflammation.

Optical disks swelling or swelling occurs due to impaired nutrient flow through axons. This may be the result of increased head pressure, reduced blood flow, inflammation or mechanical compression. The elements of the edema of the optical nerve include blurring the disk edges, bleeding around the disk, increasing the nerve head and the reddish color of the disk. The swelling on the disk can be a sign of brain tumor, orbital tumor, active inflammation of the optical nerve or mini-tate to nerve.

Drusen Optic DISC are calcific nodes buried by the optical nerve head. Drusen causes the optical nerve head to be promoted with a knurled look. They are bilateral in 75 percent to 86 percent of cases. Although Drusen usually does not create any groundNaky, sometimes a temporary visual fluctuation and smaller defects of the field of view.