What is a point mutation?

In genetics there is a mutation change that occurs in DNA found in the cell of the living organism. Mutations can be caused by many different factors, including the age of the organism and external reasons such as the Sun. They may even occur because of the errors that occur when DNA is copied in preparation for the creation of a new cell. Where the mutation occurs and how much DNA includes, it determines how much effect the mutation has on the cell. The point mutation occurs when one nucleotide inside the DNA string is replaced by another. The order of these nucleotides is what determines the gene that is found in this DNA chain. Most genes have several different variations that are caused by slight changes in nucleotides. The location of the change determines how significant it is; While the changes in some sources produce BTLE surozages, others may cause defects and diseases.

are the templates for all proteins that are made of cells. Changing nucleotides canTo mean a similar protein is made, a different protein is made, or no protein is made. Although a point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide, it does not only cause fine variations. Where the point mutation occurs in the gene sequence, it may have a significant effect on the protein that is eventually created.

One way to categorize point mutations is to group them on the basis of which nucleotide replaces which others. Nucleotides are purins or pyrimidins based on their chemical make -up and shape. Adenin and guanine are purines, while thymin and cytosine are pyrimidins. The transition point mutation occurs when Purin replaces purine or pyrimidine replaces pyrimidine. When Purina replaces pyrimidine or vice versa, a point mutation is called a transverse mutation.

Another way to categorize point mutations is based on an effect that has a cell function. When creating protein, nucleotides are grouped into codons made up of three nucleotides. Each codon encodes amino acid in PR PROTEIN chain. The change in one nucleotide in the codon can significantly affect the resulting protein.

In some cases, the point mutation changes the codon to the stop code, which means that the protein is much smaller than the rest of the sequence after the missing mutation. This type of point mutation is called nonsensical mutation. The Misense mutation occurs when a substituted nucleotide results in a codon for another amino acid. Amino acids may have more than one code, so the quiet mutation occurs when the change leads to the same amino acid. The term mutation of the quiet point is also used in the substitution of results in another amino acid is coded within the protein, but this change has no effect on the protein function.