What is the Commutative Property?

Exchange refers to providing something in return. The act of obtaining the belongings from others. ^[1]

exchange

(Economic term)

Right!

Exchange refers to providing something in return. The act of obtaining the belongings from others. ^[1]

Exchange means people

The relationship between exchange and production is: production decides exchange; exchange has an adverse effect on production and, under certain conditions, determines the development of production. (A) the decisive role of production on exchange

1. The social division of production is a necessary condition for the generation and development of commodity exchange.

Due to the division of labor in the society, a contradiction is formed between the unity of production of each producer and the variety of needs, and thus the necessity of exchanging products between producers has emerged. Moreover, the finer the division of labor, the more frequent the exchanges, the larger the number of exchanges, and therefore the more important the exchanges are. If there is no division of labor, whether this division of labor occurs naturally or is already a result of history, there will be no exchange. The emergence and development of social division of labor is precisely due to the development of production. The development of production has produced division of labor, and as a result of the division of labor, exchange has occurred, so that production provides the necessary conditions for exchange.

2. A certain level of social productivity determines a certain exchange method and method. In human history, the development from product exchange to commodity exchange, commodity exchange from simple commodity exchange to simple commodity circulation, and then to developed commodity circulation have all developed along with the development of the level of productivity.

3. The scale and structure of production development determine the depth and breadth of the exchange. The so-called depth of exchange refers to the degree of dependence of social and economic life on exchange. Generally speaking, the more developed the production, the more complicated and detailed the social division of labor, and the more varieties and quantities of commodities that need to be exchanged, the more social and economic life is inseparable from the exchange. The so-called breadth of exchange refers to the scope of exchange. Under a certain level of productivity, the scope of exchange is also constant. The more developed the production, the wider the scope of exchange.

4. The social nature of production determines the social nature of exchange. Marx pointed out: "Private exchange is premised on private production." Under different production methods, due to the different ownership of the means of production, the nature of production is different, and the nature of exchange is also different. For example, capitalist production is the production of surplus value, and the process of capitalist exchange is both the premise of surplus value production and the realization of surplus value.

(2) Exchange has an adverse effect on production and plays a decisive role in the development of production under certain conditions. 1. Exchange is a condition for achieving social reproduction. The process of social reproduction is represented by the unification of the production process and the circulation process. In order to carry out production, production enterprises must purchase the corresponding means of production and hire a certain amount of labor. This behavior is the exchange behavior of purchases, which converts currency into commodities, which actually becomes a prerequisite for production. After the production process is completed, whether the goods produced by the producer can be sold, that is, whether the value of the goods can be realized, is of great importance to the producer. Once the goods cannot be sold, the value of the goods cannot be realized, which will cause the interruption of the reproduction process and the bankruptcy of the enterprise. It can be seen that without the purchase of means of production and the employment of labor, production cannot begin; if there is no sale to realize the value of the goods, the reproduction process will also be stopped, and exchange will restrict production.

2. The scale and speed of exchange directly affect the development of social production. Production is the material basis of exchange, and the development of exchange is an important condition for further expansion of production. When the scope of exchanges expands, market capacity increases, especially when new markets open up, and production will rapidly expand under the stimulation of circulation. Circulation time is a component of the total time of social reproduction, and its amount determines the speed of circulation, and directly affects the amount of production time and the speed of social reproduction.

3. Exchanges have a significant impact on the formation of certain production relations. A certain production relationship determines a certain exchange relationship, which is an important part of the production relationship. However, the development of exchange has a significant impact on the production relations of the entire society. For example, at the end of primitive society, the development of commodity exchange promoted the disintegration of primitive public ownership and the formation of private ownership; at the end of feudal society, the development of commodity exchange accelerated the collapse of feudal production relations and promoted the formation of capitalist production relations. And development also plays an important role.

4. Under certain conditions, exchange plays a decisive role in the development of production. Under normal conditions, production is the main aspect of contradiction, which plays a decisive role in the exchange, but under certain conditions, the primary and secondary sides of the contradiction are mutually transformed, that is, the exchange has a decisive role. For example, when production is interrupted due to lack of necessary means of production, the exchange of supply of means of production becomes the key to the development of production; when the product has no market and will suffocate production, opening up the market and opening the market will be decisive for the sustainable development of production effect.