What Are the Different Types of Bar Gadgets?

A barcode is a graphic identifier that arranges multiple black bars and spaces of varying widths according to certain coding rules to express a group of information. A common bar code is a pattern of parallel lines formed by black bars (short for short) and white bars (short for short) with very different reflectances. The bar code can indicate many information such as the country of manufacture, manufacturer, product name, production date, book classification number, mail start and stop location, category, date, etc. It is widely used [1] .

A barcode is a set of multiple black bars and spaces of varying widths.
In 1948, Bernard Selwo was also a graduate student at the Philadelphia Gas Institute of Technology. Once, he overheard the president of a local supermarket chain begging the dean to invent a way to automatically record merchandise sales at the checkout counter. The dean thought it was whimsical. But Selwo and his friend and graduate student, Joseph Woodland, were determined to try it out and believed it would make them rich [4]
Recognition principle
A bar code symbol is an information symbol combined by "bar" and "empty" with different reflectances according to certain coding rules. Because "bar" and "space" in the bar code symbol have different reflectivity to light, the bar code scanner receives reflected light signals of different strengths and weakly, and accordingly generates electric pulses with different potentials. The width of the "bar" and "empty" in the bar code symbol determines the length of the electrical pulse signal with different potential levels. The optical signal received by the scanner needs to be photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal and amplified by an amplifying circuit. Because the scanning spot has a certain size, edge ambiguity during barcode printing, and some other reasons, the electrical signal of the barcode amplified by the circuit is a smooth undulating signal, which is called an "analog electrical signal". The "analog electrical signal" needs to be shaped into the usual "digital signal". According to the coding rules corresponding to the coding system, the decoder can read and translate the "digital signal" into digital and character information [5]
The commonly used codes in the world are EAN barcode, UPC barcode, 25 barcode, cross 25 barcode, Kurduba barcode, Code 39 barcode and Code 128 barcode, etc. [7]
At present, bar code technology has been widely used in many fields, and the typical applications are the following five fields:
First, retail . Retail is the most mature area for barcode applications. EAN product barcodes lay the foundation for the retail industry to apply barcodes for sales. At present, most of the products sold in supermarkets use EAN barcodes. When selling, scan EAN barcodes with a scanner. The POS system finds the corresponding names, prices, and other information from the database and statistics the products purchased by customers This greatly speeds up the speed and accuracy of the cash register. At the same time, various sales data can also be used as reference data for shopping malls and virtual merchants to purchase and supply. Because the sales information can be counted in time and accurately, the merchants can accurately grasp the circulation information of various commodities in the business process, which can greatly reduce the inventory and maximize the use of funds. Thus improving the efficiency and competitiveness of businesses [8]
With the rapid expansion and development of retail and consumer markets, it has also promoted China
There are three commonly used barcode reading devices: CCD scanner, laser scanner and light pen scanner.
1. CCD scanner
The CCD scanner mainly uses a fixed light beam (usually a flood light source of light emitting diodes) to illuminate the entire barcode, reflects the barcode symbol onto the photosensitive element array, and recognizes the barcode symbol through photoelectric conversion. The new CCD scanner can recognize not only one-dimensional bar code and two-dimensional bar code, but also matrix two-dimensional bar code [10]
Bar code is by far the most economical and practical automatic identification technology. Bar code technology has the following advantages.
(1) Information collection is fast. Compared with keyboard input, bar code input is 5 times faster than keyboard input and enables real-time data input [11]
A bar code is also called a bar code symbol. It is a parallel line graphic consisting of a set of regularly arranged bars, spaces, and characters, which is used to represent a certain information code. Common barcodes are composed of black bars (short for short) and white bars (short for short) with very different reflectances [12]
The quality of the barcode design and printing quality is directly related to the success or failure of the barcode application. If the design does not meet the specifications, it may lead to the retirement of the entire printed matter and even affect the sales of the product. The following are some specifications and requirements for the design, production and printing of barcodes [13]
(1) Standards for using barcodes. Standards for the use of bar codes include two aspects: one is the choice of bar code system; the other is the printing position and representation method of bar code symbols. The establishment of bar code standards is generally related to the specific habits and characteristics of a certain industry [14]
Code tables around [17] :
Prefix code Country (or region) of the coding organization / application Prefix code Country (or region) of the coding organization / application
000 019
030 039
060 139
United States 627 Kuwait
020 029
040 049
200 299
Store code 628 Saudi Arabia
050 059 coupon 629 United arab emirates
300 379 France 640 649 Finland
380 Bulgaria 690 699 China
383 Slovenia 700 709 Norway
385 Croatia 729 Israel
387 BiH 730 739 Sweden
389 Montenegro 740 Guatemala
400 440 Germany 741 El Salvador
450 459
490 499
Japan 742 Honduras
460 469 Russia 743 Nicaragua
470 Kyrgyzstan 744 Costa Rica
471 Taiwan, China 745 Panama
474 Estonia 746 Dominica
475 Latvia 750 Mexico
476 Azerbaijan 754 755 Canada
477 Lithuania 759 Venezuela
478 Uzbekistan 760 769 Switzerland
479 Sri Lanka 770 771 Colombia
480 Philippines 773 Uruguay
481 Belarus 775 Peru
482 Ukraine 777 Bolivia
484 Moldova 778 779 Argentina
485 Armenia 780 Chile
486 Georgia 784 Paraguay
487 Kazakhstan 786 Ecuador
488 Tajikistan 789 790 Brazil
489 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 800 839 Italy
500 509 United Kingdom 840 849 Spain
520 521 Greece 850 Cuba
528 Lebanon 858 Slovakia
529 Cyprus 859 Czech Republic
530 Albania 860 Yugoslavia
531 Macedonia 865 Mongolia
535 Malta 867 Korea
539 Ireland 868 869 Turkey
540 549 Belgium and Luxembourg 870 879 Netherlands
560 Portugal 880 Korea
569 Iceland 884 Cambodia
570 579 Denmark 885 Thailand
590 Poland 888 Singapore
594 Romania 890 India
599 Hungary 893 Vietnam
600 601 South Africa 896 Pakistan
603 Ghana 899 Indonesia
604 Senegal 900 919 Austria
608 Bahrain 930 939 Australia
609 Mauritius 940 949 new Zealand
611 Morocco 950 GS1 headquarters
613 Algeria 951 GS1 headquarters (product electronic code)
615 Nigeria 960 969 GS1 headquarters (shortened code)
616 Kenya 955 Malaysia
618 Ivory coast 958 Macau Special Administrative Region of China
619 Tunisia 977 Serials
621 Syria 978 979 books
622 Egypt 980 bill receivable
624 Libya 981 983 Ordinary coupon
625 Jordan 990 999 coupon
626 Iran

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