What Are the Different Types of Knowledge Management Technology?

Technical knowledge has both the generality of general knowledge and its special characteristics. The technical knowledge of an enterprise has the following characteristics: 1. Specificity. The technical knowledge possessed by an enterprise is often the knowledge suitable for a specific time, a specific place, and a specific industry. Without a specific background, technical knowledge will be discarded to varying degrees.

Technical knowledge management

2. Implicit. Technical knowledge includes explicit technical knowledge and tacit technical knowledge, of which tacit technical knowledge accounts for a large proportion. Explicit technical knowledge can be likened to the apex part of an iceberg above the water surface, while tacit technical knowledge is a huge mountain body that sinks under the water surface.

3. Productivity. The enterprise's technical knowledge is not a static existence, but a generative and dynamic knowledge exchange network, which contains the generation mechanism of enterprise innovation problems and heuristic methods for solving these problems. It has a spontaneous expansion mechanism and has its inherent Growth logic. The generation of new technical knowledge in an enterprise is, on the one hand, endogenous and generated through the interaction of internal knowledge of the enterprise; on the other hand, it is external and introduced from outside the enterprise through various technical activities.

4. Cumulative. Since its establishment, a well-developed enterprise has continuously accumulated its own survival knowledge and skills, including technical knowledge, organizational procedures,

According to the technical knowledge management model (six-stage cycle model) proposed by Gundry, the characteristics of technical knowledge, the development stages of technical knowledge, and the knowledge management practices of enterprises, the process of technical knowledge management can be described in Figure 1. ^[1]

Enterprises can promote technical knowledge management by formulating and implementing technical knowledge strategies, establishing technical knowledge networks, strengthening technical innovation management, and conducting organizational learning, so as to effectively acquire, create, apply and protect technical knowledge, and obtain innovation from technical knowledge. rent.

1. Develop and implement an appropriate technical knowledge strategy

An enterprise's management of technical knowledge must be guided by the correct strategy, including the technical knowledge learning strategy, the technical knowledge innovation strategy, the technical knowledge acquisition strategy, and the technical knowledge protection strategy. The learning strategy of technical knowledge refers to how to build a knowledge alliance and search and absorb the technical knowledge required by the enterprise; the innovation strategy of technical knowledge refers to how to use various forms (internal research and development, external strategic cooperation) to create independent proprietary technical knowledge ; The harvest strategy of technical knowledge refers to how to make the best use of the organization's technical knowledge; the protection strategy of technical knowledge refers to the importance and protection of intellectual property rights, and use it to stimulate enterprises to further knowledge innovation.

The protection strategy of technical knowledge usually needs to consider which one or more of patents, leading advantages, and technological secrets to improve the exclusivity of innovation benefits. Patent protection is an important means to increase the exclusivity of innovation income, but it is not the best under any circumstances. For many industries with very complex manufacturing systems or product internal systems (such as semiconductors, computers, telecommunications, aircraft, and engines, etc.), the leading advantages formed by pioneering innovation and supporting marketing methods are the main ways to improve exclusivity. In some industries, patent protection plays a fundamental role: one is the industry whose central link is design (such as pharmaceuticals, organic chemicals and synthetic fibers); the other is the equipment industry (such as scientific instruments) . The technical characteristics of these industries are that product components are easy to determine and easy to imitate. Without patent protection, innovators will find it difficult to profit. For process innovation, both the leading edge and the effectiveness of patent protection are small, and the more effective means are to keep technical secrets. Because the process is easier to hide than the product technology, and it is difficult to find imitations of it, and the implementation of patent rights is difficult; and the effect of process innovation on market share expansion is far less than that of major product innovation on the market The expansion of the share has come into play.

2. Establish a technology knowledge base based on the intranet and build a technology knowledge network

In order to quickly share information and learn from each other, enterprises need to establish various networks, including intranets and extranets. Internal networks include internal networks of people and information. External networks include strategic cooperation networks and information networks between enterprises and users, suppliers, government agencies, research institutions and competitors. The information network is the means of connection of the relationship network. An effective information network helps to promote internal exchanges and external information acquisition and strategic cooperation. Therefore, many enterprises are currently using Intenet and Intranet technologies to build their own internal and external networks.

3. Establish an innovation network based on technical knowledge to promote the acquisition, transformation and creation of new technical knowledge

Technological innovation is the most important source of organizational know-how. Therefore, knowledge management in the process of technological innovation must be improved through various methods. Hewlett-Packard's approach is worth learning. Through formal and informal networks, HP has established a common language and communication framework between technicians, established a relaxed and open cultural atmosphere, and promoted knowledge sharing; using teamwork to effectively communicate and communicate between technicians Promote the transfer of knowledge and in-depth dialogue between members, reduce the cost of collaboration, and help the formation and feedback of organizational knowledge; attach importance to the management of technical human resources, strengthen training, and stimulate the motivation of technical personnel. Promote the self-knowledge update and mutual exchange and cooperation of technical personnel.

4.Build learning mechanism and knowledge-oriented corporate culture to promote personal knowledge organization

An important and difficult problem of technical knowledge is how to transform personal knowledge into organizational knowledge and uncoded technical knowledge into coding technical knowledge. Organizational learning is an effective way to solve this problem.

The learning in the organization is divided into individual learning and organizational learning according to the learning subject. Individual learning includes formal learning through training, experience exchange meetings and other means, as well as informal learning through the accumulation of individuals' own knowledge and experience, such as dry school, use of middle school, research and development middle school, and individual informal communication. Organizational learning is the integration of individual knowledge to form organizational knowledge through mutual cooperation, team learning, and systematic thinking. Organizational learning includes three levels of learning:

(1) Strategic learning, learning to acquire external technical knowledge and adapt to the environment in a dynamic environment;

(2) Capability learning, which links the intermediate links between strategic learning and programmatic learning, effectively processes knowledge within the scope of existing organizational technical knowledge and improves its own technical and innovation capabilities, which is reflected in the effective tracking of external knowledge and Acquisition, activation of internal knowledge, synthesis of knowledge, etc .;

(3) Programmatic learning, how to best achieve existing goals and how to best maintain organizational performance within the scope of existing procedures.