What Is the Difference Between Human Capital and Human Resources?

Human Resources (HR for short) refers to the sum of working-age, under-working-age, and over-working-age population in a country or region. Human resources also refer to the collective term for education, abilities, skills, experience, physical strength, etc. that are owned by people in an organization that can be used by the enterprise and contribute to value creation within a certain period of time.

Basic Information

Chinese name

Human Resources

Foreign name

Human Resources

Short name

Human Resources (HR for short) refers to the sum of working-age, under-working-age, and over-working-age population in a country or region. Or expressed as: the population of a country or region minus the incapacitated population. Human resources also refer to the collective term for education, abilities, skills, experience, physical strength, etc. that are owned by people in an organization that can be used by the enterprise and contribute to value creation within a certain period of time. In a narrow sense, it refers to the capabilities (resources) required by the personnel of an independent operating group of an enterprise or institution.

Broad definition of human resources as a society with intelligence

1. John R. Commons used the term "human resources" in 1919 and 1921 in two books, "Industrial Honor" and "Industrial Government", but in the 21st century we understand Significantly different.

2. The meaning of human resources as understood by people in the early 20th century

As a special resource, human resources have the following characteristics.

Human resource characteristics refer to the special value of human resources, the special qualities not possessed by other resources, and the scientific and practical manifestation of human resources.

First, inalienability. Human resources are the internal storage and external expression of human value. It is inseparable from human vitality, and is related to human dignity and rights. The inalienability is mainly manifested in: (1) cannot be overwhelmed, cannot be deceived, cannot be seized; (2) all unscientific methods will cause waste of human resources; (3) all improper means will bring human resources (4) Respecting, supporting and satisfying the needs of people is the best way to exert the role of human resources. Therefore, it cannot be deprived, and it can only be used and exerted consciously through good management and development during the appointment.

Second, biological. Biologicalness is the cause and effect of human resource behavior characteristics. There is a two-way material movement and a two-way mental movement, as well as a one-way resistance movement. Biological nature inevitably brings about the arduousness and complexity of the use and development of human resources.

Third, sociality. The social nature of human resources is mainly represented by: belief, tradition, crowd, times, regional, national, national, professional, hierarchical, and cultural. Sociality reflects people's standpoint, ethics, value orientation, thinking mode and behavior mode, and provides basic ideological basis for human resource development.

Fourth, timeliness. The cultivation, storage and use of human resources are directly related to the age of a person. Different age stages reflect different degrees of play by different categories of human resources. This reflection of different timeliness is also the result of a natural law. It provides an important reference for social policies and technical means used by human resources. For example, the youth period is mainly the period of cultivating educational resources; the middle-aged period is mainly the period of resource utilization and exertion; the elderly period is mainly the period of discovering the value of surplus resources. The timeliness of human resources shows that it is effective when it is used, and it must be used in time. When it is used, the outdated effect is not large or ineffective; the use must be different by class and by purpose. ^[3]

Fifth, capital accumulation. Human resources are the living capital of economic and social development and the most realistic productivity. This capital is formed through continuous cultivation, education, and maintenance, and is the result of long-term accumulation of investment. The results show that: first, investment is accompanied by human life, and capital accumulation is accompanied by human life; second, the amount of active capital formed by investment is reusable; and third, rolling resources (capital) The use of play forms will inevitably cause unlimited value-added. The accumulation of capital requires that in the process of human resource management and development, investment must be increased to support good cultivation, education, and maintenance.

6. Exciting. Inspiration comes from people's psychological needs. The stimulus of human resources is manifested in practice as: the stimulus of pulling power, the stimulus of synergy and apocalyptic power, the stimulus of push power, the stimulus of stimulate power. Excitability provides a theoretical method for potential development and is the starting point of the incentive mechanism.

Seventh, initiative. Initiative is the autonomous movement of people in the realization of self-worth, and the premise of the role of human resources. Activeness is expressed as positive and negative activeness, which have different meanings to society. The human resource policy should make full use of positive initiative, reduce and avoid negative initiative.

Eight, carrier. Carrier nature is the inevitable result of human resources' ability to load, transport, and deliver. The carrier of human resources depends on: first, it is indeed capable of carrying; second, it is indeed carrying useful resources; and third, it can indeed export the source of carrying. The carrier of human resources provides a prerequisite for the exchange of talents.