What Is Theory Z?

Z theory is a management theory different from X theory and Y theory in western behavioral science. Japanese-American Ohnetai proposed it in his book "Z Theory-How American Business Meets Japan's Challenge" in 1981. On the basis of studying the similarities and differences between the management methods of American and Japanese companies, Onai proposed that American companies should learn from the management methods of Japanese companies and combine their own characteristics to form a new type of management methods that has both American and Japanese business methods Management methods. The main contents include: (1) the company adopts a long-term employment policy for employees; (2) makes decisions by encouraging employees to participate in management; (3) implements a personal accountability system and conducts creative management; (4) managers should fully care for employees Establish a harmonious relationship; (5) provide employees with comprehensive knowledge and technical training; (6) give employees a long-term comprehensive assessment and evaluation, and adopt a steadily improving system; (7) formal detection methods and informal control mechanisms. In this way, trustful interpersonal relationships can be established in the enterprise, and the goals and interests of managers and employees are consistent. ^[1]

Z theory

Theory Z (Theory Z) was proposed by William Onai in 1981 to represent Japanese-style management.

Uchichi selected some typical companies in Japan and the United States (these companies have

The content of Z theory can be briefly described as follows:

1. Smooth management system The management system should ensure that the situation is fully reached; employees should be involved in decision-making and timely feedback of information. Especially when making major decisions, frontline employees should be encouraged to make suggestions, and then judged by their superiors.

2. Grass-roots managers have full rights

The theory of Z holds that trust, sensitivity and intimacy are indispensable for the success of all enterprises, and therefore advocates "democratic management" based on frankness, openness and communication as the basic principles. Inuchi by leader

Daichi believes that business organizations, like marriages, must be maintained after they are established. For those who want to establish a z-theoretic organization, Daichi provides a step-by-step guide (but not all-inclusive). The process itself requires patience and time (at least two years).

1. Implementing the Z Theory In implementing the Z Theory, companies must:

(1) The z theory must be seen as a modern view of organization, and it must have

Considering the difficulty in transforming from A-type organization to Z-type organization, Taichi gave clear 13 steps, thinking that this transformation process should generally be carried out like this:

1. The people involved in the change learn to understand the basic principles of the Z theory, tap the integrity of each person, and play a good role for everyone;

2. Analysis of the original management guidelines and

Case 1: Management of companies such as HP

HP: Selecting and promoting employees consciously

Basic information on Z theory

Book title: Z theory (collector's edition)

Series Title: Hua Zhang Classic · Management

ISBN: 978-7-111-42275-4

Author :( US) William Ouchi

Translator: Zhu Yanbin

Publication time: 2013.5

Number of pages: 244 pages

Publisher: Machinery Industry Press

Introduction to Z theory content

William Danet researched Japanese companies and their success models from an organizational perspective, hoping to find things that American companies can learn from Japanese companies with different cultural backgrounds, and hope to turn threats into driving forces for the development of American companies.

The book expounds the advantages of Japanese companies with a lot of space, but the content of the discussion is not limited to the comparison and analysis of US and Japanese companies, but has risen to the general category of organization. The author selected some typical companies in Japan and the United States as the research object, and analyzed the companies or companies from the aspects of employment system, evaluation and promotion, employee professional development, control mechanism, decision-making system, and overall or partial attention Organizational characteristics.

Based on McGregor's "X theory" and "Y theory" management theories, the author puts forward "Z theory", emphasizing the cultural factors of organizational management, and argues that organizations need to consider not only hard indicators such as technology and profit in productivity , But also consider soft factors, such as trust, close relationships and subtlety between people. The X theory and the Y theory embody the western management principles, while the Z theory emphasizes adding the humanized elements of the East to organizational management, which is the collision and fusion of Eastern and Western cultures and management philosophy.

Biography of Z-theory authors

William Danet

A Japanese-American management scientist, a professor of management at California State University, a master of business administration from Stanford University, and a doctorate of business management from the University of Chicago. He is a consultant for several Fortune 500 companies.

Inuchi began studying Japanese business management in 1973. After investigating and comparing the management experience of Japan and the United States, he proposed the "Z theory". Immediately after the publication of "Z Theory", it attracted the attention of management circles and management scholars from various countries, attracted widespread attention, became a bestseller, and had a profound impact.

Z Theory Book Catalog

Book of Praise

Publishing instructions

Xi Minmin

Translator order

Thanks

Introduction Why do we need to learn from Japan 1

first time

Learn from Japan

Chapter 1 What Can We Learn? 10

Lifetime employment system 15

Evaluation and Promotion 22

Non-specialized career development model 25

Chapter 2 How Japanese Companies Work 33

Decision 36

Collective values 40

Emphasis on people as a whole 43

Chapter 3 Comparison of American and Japanese Companies 47

Compare 48

Different traditions 53

Compare Seconds 56

Chapter 4 Z-Organizations 59

Questions about corporate style 61

Substantive Issues of the Enterprise 65

The theory that supports Z organization 69

Hard to change 73

Second

Making Z theory work

Chapter 5 From A to Z: Step 80

Step 1: Understand the Z organization and your role 82

Step 2: Review the company's philosophy 84

Step 3: Determine the appropriate management philosophy and involve the company's leaders 86

Step 4: The realization of philosophy depends on building structure and providing motivation. 87

Step 5: Develop Interpersonal Ability 88

Step 6: Self-test and System Test 92

Step 7: Involving Trade Unions 94

Step 8: Stabilizing Employment Relations 97

Step 9: Determine the slow evaluation and promotion system 98

Step 10: Broaden the direction of career development model 100

Step 11: Prepare for Change at the Grassroots 102

Step 12: Choose where to implement participatory management 104

Step 13: Provide opportunities to develop integrated relationships 105

Summary 106

Chapter 6 From A to Z: A View of Design Philosophy 107

Emergence of Philosophy 109

Making Philosophy Work 114

Improve the manual application process 117

Let each part work in harmony 120

Using self-criticism 122

Conclusions on corporate philosophy 130

Chapter 7 Who Has Succeeded: Some Cases of Z-Organizations 132

Case 1: Change starts from the top 133

Case study 2: Spreading culture 136

Case 3: Problems of Successors 139

Case 4: Application of Z theory in offices and factories 142

Case 5: GM's factory 144

Conclusion 156

Chapter 8 Z Culture

An open and honest place for criticism and welcome 163

Trust, friendship and cooperation 167

Become a team 170

Walk-around management 171

Whoever values their products, they value them 172

Chicken or Egg Custard 173

Z-Environment Supporting Z-Culture 174

The meaning of being in Z-shaped culture 176

Conclusion Life and Death of USS Enterprise Carrier 180

Appendix A. Philosophy of the Z Company 184

Appendix B Quality Control Team 208

Note 215

References 219