What Does a Satellite Technician Do?

A technology test satellite is a satellite that conducts new technology tests or tests for application satellites. Before launching an artificial satellite, it must pass a series of ground tests to test the technical performance of the satellite. No matter which country launches each application satellite, it must launch some technical test satellites. Among the technology test satellites, biological satellites are of most interest to ordinary people.

A technology test satellite is a satellite that conducts new technology tests or tests for application satellites. Before launching an artificial satellite, it must pass a series of ground tests to test the technical performance of the satellite. No matter which country launches each application satellite, it must launch some technical test satellites. Among the technology test satellites, biological satellites are of most interest to ordinary people.

Chinese name

Technology satellite

Full name

Technology test satellite

Nature

Satellites for testing satellites

Types of

3 types

Technology satellite technology test satellite

Before launching into space, a satellite must undergo a series of ground tests to test its technical performance. However, after all, the ground environment is different from the sky. After the test on the ground, it must be "implemented" in the sky. No matter which country, at the beginning of launching each application satellite, it is necessary to launch some technology test satellites. The return satellites in the United States acquired satellite recovery technology only after launching 12 technical test satellites.

From December 1966 to May 1974, the United States launched six multipurpose technology test satellites. They are called "Applied Technology Satellite" series. Many experiments have been conducted on satellites: voice communication between air-ground and ship-shore; transmission of global cloud maps; satellite navigation; satellite antenna function; satellite attitude stabilization and radio transmission, etc., for future communications satellites and meteorological satellites in the United States, A lot of preparations have been made for the development and application of navigation satellites and resource satellites.

With the completion of the test project, people gradually mastered the technology and application technology of certain types of satellites, so before the birth of new types of satellites, the launch of test satellites was greatly reduced.

Shifang-1 is China's first scientific detection and technology experimental satellite. It was launched on March 3, 1971, weighs 221 kilograms, has a shape similar to a sphere, and has a diameter of 1 meter. Its main task is to test the solar battery-powered system on the satellite, active passive temperature control system, long-life telemetry equipment and radio line performance and other space environment detection. The design life of Practice One is one year, but it actually worked in space for 8 years, and it did not fall until June 17, 1979.

Of the technological test satellites, the most interesting for ordinary people is the biological satellite. We know that animal experiments must be performed before manned spaceflight, to see if animals can adapt to space life, to see weightlessness in space, how the strong radiation environment affects animal growth, development, genetics and fertility, and what protective measures to take Then you can carefully send people to heaven.

On November 3, 1957, the Soviet Union launched a man-made satellite named "Laika"-"Artificial Earth Satellite" II, the first biological satellite in the world. The 5 kg Leica is living very well in a small satellite cabin, and scientists have designed a life support system for it to make the cabin environment the same as the ground and carry food. Leica's body is attached to various probes that monitor blood pressure, breathing, heart rate and other physiological indicators, and the telemetry information is transmitted back for ground scientists to study. Because humans had not yet mastered satellite recovery technology at that time, poor Leica died alone after six days in the sky. Since then, the former Soviet Union has implemented a biological satellite program specializing in space life sciences since 1966, basically launching a biological satellite every 1-2 years. By 1987, a total of 10 satellites had been launched. These satellites were all included in the "Cosmos" series of satellites. The stars are loaded with monkeys, dogs, white rats, turtles, flies, bacteria, algae, plant seeds and other organisms, and they have performed experiments on gravity physiology, radiation biology and developmental biology. The longest satellite flight is 22 days and the shortest is 5 days. The Soviet Union's biosatellite program is an international cooperation project. Eastern European countries, the United States, France, and other countries have participated in the experiment.

The United States formulated the Biological Satellite Program in 1963. It originally planned to launch 6 satellites, but actually only 3 were launched. After 1975, space life science research in the United States relied on the Soviet Union's "Cosmos" biological satellite.

China also conducted space animal experiments on a returnable satellite launched on October 5, 1990. Two male mice took the lead to visit the universe for nine days. They lived in the sky for 5 days and 8 hours, but died of all kinds of maladjustments before returning to the ground.

Biological satellites are generally composed of a service capsule and a return capsule. The service cabin is the interface between the satellite and the launch vehicle. It contains the satellite's attitude control system, power supply system and other equipment to ensure the normal operation of the satellite. The service cabin is separated from the return cabin and remains in the sky without returning to the ground. The return capsule is the section of the satellite returning to the ground, which contains various experimental organisms, recording instruments, brake rockets and recovery systems. There is a thermal protection layer outside the cabin. The shape of the return capsule is spherical, and some are bowl-shaped, weighing 300 to 400 kilograms or even 12 tons. Monkeys are primates and are similar to humans in all aspects of their bodies. The monkey's response in space can help scientists understand what their internal organs are in the early stages of flight, the changes in their cardiovascular, skeletal, blood, nervous and sensory systems in a weightless environment and the effects of cosmic radiation on body organs. There are effects of space flight on their reproductive capabilities, genetic genes, etc., and these experiments are not appropriate to be performed directly on astronauts.

White rats were selected into space for their small size and strong fertility. The volume of 28 white rats is equal to the volume of a dog, and they can reproduce for a generation in 14 days. They can conceive in space and breed on the ground. They can also reproduce in space after conception. Learn about the impact of space flight on future generations.

(US) Applied Technology Satellite

(Su) "Cosmos-1544" biological satellite

Biological satellite

(Middle) Practice One satellite ^[1]

Technology satellite

A satellite ^[2] must undergo a series of ground tests before launch, but in order to test the technical performance of the satellite more comprehensively

Artificial satellite

It is also necessary to verify the satellite launch to the sky before the technology can be officially applied.

The United States has carried out many experiments on technology test satellites, such as voice communications; satellite navigation; radio transmission, etc., and has prepared a lot for the development and application of communications satellites, meteorological satellites, navigation satellites, and resource satellites in the future in the United States.

"Practice One" ^[1] satellite is China's first scientific detection and technology experimental satellite. Its main tasks are to test the performance of solar battery-powered systems on the satellite, active passive temperature control systems, long-life telemetry equipment and radio circuit performance, and to detect other space environments. The design life of "Practice One" is one year, but it actually worked in space for eight years, and it did not fall until June 17, 1979.

The most interesting of the technical test satellites are biological satellites. We know that before manned space flight, animal tests must be performed to see if animals can adapt to space life. What is the impact of weightlessness and strong radiation on development, genetics, and fertility? What protective measures should be taken before we can carefully People sent to heaven. Those satellites that carry creatures to the sky are biological satellites.

Technology satellite background

In the vast space from the earth to Datong, various natural phenomena occur. These phenomena all affect the activities of humans on the earth. The sun is most closely related to human activities. It gives the earth sunlight and warmth, so that life depends on survival and development. It also often disturbs the earth. The sunspot's outburst will disturb the earth's magnetic field, destroy the ionosphere, and make the earth's Radio communications weakened or were interrupted. Therefore, it is very important for humans to study the characteristics of the sun and its activities. At the same time, studying the earth s magnetic and gravitational fields and studying the earth s atmospheric structure are of great use in understanding the formation of the earth, designing control systems for missiles or space vehicles, and performing weather forecasting. However, the research on these phenomena was before the satellite. People can only do it on earth. The earth is surrounded by a thick atmosphere. This atmosphere obstructs people's vision and prevents us from studying the sun well and observing the universe. Therefore, people have long hoped that one day, they would put research instruments into space and "pull away" the atmosphere to observe the universe directly.

Biosat

Biological satellites are generally composed of a service capsule and a return capsule. The service compartment is the interface between the satellite and the launch vehicle.

Biological satellite

There are satellite attitude control systems, power systems, and other equipment to ensure that satellites work properly. The service cabin is separated from the return cabin and remains in the sky without returning to the ground. The return module is the section of the satellite returning to the ground. It contains various experimental organisms, recording instruments, brake rockets and recovery systems. There is a thermal protection layer outside the module. The shape of the return capsule is spherical, and some are bowl-shaped, weighing 300 to 400 kilograms or even 12 tons.

The former Soviet Union has implemented a biological satellite program specializing in space life sciences since 1966, basically launching a biological satellite every one to two years. There are monkeys, dogs, white rats, turtles, flies, bacteria, algae, plant seeds and other organisms on the star. Scientists have performed experiments on gravity physiology, radiobiology and developmental biology. The longest satellite flight is 22 days and the shortest is 5 days. The former Soviet Union's biosatellite program is an international cooperation project. Eastern European countries, the United States, France, etc. have participated in the experiment. ^[3]

China also conducted space animal experiments on a returnable satellite launched on October 5, 1990. Two male mice took the lead in patronizing the universe. They lived in heaven for 5 days and 8 hours, and died of all kinds of maladjustment before returning to the ground.