What is the instructional design?

help students learn to the maximum possible extent is an important goal that teachers and school systems have. The teaching design can be an important part of achieving this goal. In fact, the teaching design tends to be relevant at all levels of learning, whether students are in kindergarten, high school, university or on. Specifically, the instructional proposal, which was based on theories of different scientists, includes the analysis of learning settings, setting the educational needs of students in this environment and the development of the system that provides what is needed by using teaching strategies, teaching materials, learning theory and teaching models.

There are a number of instructional design models. One of the more important models is the Addie model on which several other models are based. Addie is an abbreviation that refers to the five specific phases involved in the instructional design: phase of the analysis, design phase, phase of development, phase of implementation and the evaluation phase. Design is a phase that includes the development of targetsLearning and selecting a specific teaching method. The development phase concerns the creation of teaching materials or training materials. For implementation, it refers to a phase where the teacher supplies or distributes materials to be used for teaching. The evaluation phase is to make sure that the teaching materials have been able to achieve the desired goals.

teaching design was based on the theories of many scientists. In the 18th century, for example, Hermann Ebbinghaus and Ivan Pavlov studied forgetting and classical conditioning. B.F. Skinner developed radical behavioralism and applied it to learning. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky have studied students of students and cognitive processes concerning learning. Their work and work of David Ausebel helped create the theory of cognitive learning, an important part of teaching design.

Then in World War II, Robert Gagne assembled together training materials to help AmericaHe published a book entitled "Learning Conditions" (1965), which ended up as an important book in instructional design. Robert Mager also published an important book entitled "Preparing Objectives for Programmed Teaching" (1962), which helps teachers to write clear teaching goals. Benjamin Bloom continued to work and further described the objectives of learning in the famous "Bloom taxonomy of learning", where he emphasized that the lesson must help students synthesize and evaluate information, unlike only remembering.

Then the Walter Dick and Lou Carey teaching models and others were developed. Each subsequent model dealt with different aspects of designing teaching. It should be noted that the arrival of computer age and the development of distance education also influenced the development of teaching design.