What Are Common Characteristics of Students with Mental Retardation?

Intellectually handicapped children are children whose intelligence is significantly lower than average and who have defects in adaptive behavior during their growth (ie before the age of eighteen). There are many causes of mental retardation, which can be divided into two categories: congenital and posterior factors.

Mentally handicapped child

Intellectual disability is a permanent defect, neither a disease nor a mental illness, nor a drug that can cure it. But people with intellectual disabilities can be trained to develop their limited potential and increase their ability to live independently and normally. Generally includes the following three situations:

1. Due to obstacles in intellectual development, the intelligence level is slightly lower than that of ordinary people. Appropriate education and training are needed to enable them to work independently and take care of themselves.

2. Slower absorption of knowledge and skills.

3. Occurred under the age of 18, if based on the intelligence quotient (Intelligence Quotient), people with intellectual disabilities can be:

(a) Mild mental retardation: IQ ranges from 50-69;

(b) Moderate mental retardation: IQ ranges from 25-49;

(c) Severe mental retardation: IQ is below 25.

There are many causes of mental retardation, which can be divided into two major categories: congenital and posterior factors:

(1) Congenital factors

(1) Cognition:

Cognition and thinking mode of external things influence behavior

1.Sound perception is slow and slow

In life, they can feel only when the stimulus is very eye-catching, bright, bulky, and presented for a long time, so the external information per unit time is significantly less than normal children.

2.Inattention

Often attracted by other sounds and brightly colored things, so attention can not be concentrated, often manifested as inability to focus on listening.

3.Mechanical memory is acceptable

This is the best mental ability of children with mental retardation. Many of the contents that need thinking to learn, they rely on mechanical memory mechanics.

4. Weak language skills

The language problem is relatively large, 80% of them have language barriers, have difficulty speaking, and only understand a few extremely simple commands. Even though there are very few children with mild mental retardation who can speak, they are speaking very simple sentence types, the content is extremely poor, and often there is no way to express their meaning.

5. Poor abstract thinking ability

Children with mental disabilities are hard to really learn abstract concepts such as color, shape, and number. They often learn by forming conditioned reflections and memories, and their imagination is not rich. If you change the place they know, it will be difficult to identify.

6, it is easier to get excited

Children with intellectual disabilities are hyperactive, non-stop, and have unorganized behaviors; resistive children shrink, timid, and out of place. Both types of children have poor adaptability to the environment and interpersonal skills.

7, poor willpower

When they encounter very little difficulties, they cry or go to the teacher. They ca nt do the hard work alone, such as folding a dart, and pasting a cut apple graphic in the middle of white paper.

8.Fast emotional changes

After a while, they burst into tears and burst into tears, and they were apt to be caused by an uncorresponding emotional response.

9. Poor independent living ability

Some parents feel bad for their babies and are unwilling to train their ability to take care of themselves. As a result, many children with mild to moderate mental retardation at the age of four or five are not able to eat, wear clothes, and go to the toilet.

10. Have some curiosity

Interested in strangers, it's easy to approach, like to surround guests; hold on to things that haven't been played, such as mobile phones, small flashlights, and so on.

11.Stiff behavior and language

He likes climbing stairs, and often does this. Once other children come to play, he stuns, or pushes other children away; some children who can talk a little, always say a certain sentence, as you go Wait.

12.Like music

As soon as I listen to a song, I can't help but listen and approach, even dancing.

In the education and rehabilitation training for children with intellectual disabilities, there are many aspects that need to be paid attention to, whether it is education methods or educational attitudes, it is a "learning".

1. When teaching and training children with intellectual disabilities, do everything possible to attract children's attention, stimulate their curiosity, cultivate interest, and mobilize their multiple senses to participate in training.

2. Individual training, group training or group training should be arranged during training. The design of the training form and the determination of the training content must be considered from the individual needs of the trainee.

3. The decomposition steps of the training program should be detailed and slow, which is convenient for children with intellectual disabilities to accept. Trainers should pay attention to the principle of small steps and multiple cycles for each step, so that children with intellectual disabilities can acquire skills in repeated exercises.

The most commonly used method in training is job analysis. That is to analyze a target task into several steps, training in order to complete the goal. It is generally done in two forms, the sequential method and the reverse method.

The sequential method is also called the forward chain method. According to the work steps, training starts from the first step, and after the first step is completed, the second step is trained until the last step.

The reverse order method is also called the reverse chain method. It starts from the last step according to the work steps, and then completes this step and then teaches the previous step backwards until the first step.

4. If you have a mentally handicapped child who has severe obstacles, training takes a lot of time and the results are not good, but the trainer should not worry, but should actively find ways to help him use auxiliary tools or improve the training environment to achieve the same effect.