What Are Common Side Effects of Vitamin D?

Vitamins are trace organic substances that humans and animals must obtain from food in order to maintain normal physiological functions. They play an important role in human growth, metabolism, and development. Vitamins neither participate in the formation of human cells nor provide energy for the body. ^[1]

Vitamins are a group of organic compounds necessary for maintaining good health. This kind of substance is neither a material constituting body tissues nor a source of energy in the body, but a type of regulating substance that plays an important role in the metabolism of matter. Because such substances cannot be synthesized or insufficiently synthesized in the body, although they are required in small quantities, they must always be supplied by food. ^[3]

1,

The definition of vitamins requires vitamins to meet the following four characteristics before they can be called essential

The discovery of vitamins was one of the great discoveries of the 19th century. In 1897,

Vitamins are a large family. There are dozens of vitamins known at this stage, which can be roughly divided into

Vitamin A is closely related to normal keratinization of the skin. In the absence of skins ^[7]

During the discovery of vitamins, some compounds were mistaken for vitamins, but did not meet the definition of vitamins, and some compounds were deliberately incorrectly named vitamins because of commercial interests:

Some compounds in the vitamin B family were once considered vitamins, such as vitamin B4 (

Vitamin A: night blindness, corneal dryness, dry skin, desquamation

Vitamin B1: Neuritis, beriberi, loss of appetite, indigestion, growth retardation

Vitamin B2:

If you take vitamins on an empty stomach, it will be removed from the body before the body can absorb it.

Vitamin A

Avoid alcohol when taking vitamin A. The main function of Vitamin A is to convert retinol into

Determination of Vitamin C Content-Titration

principle

In a neutral and slightly acidic environment, VC can reduce the dye 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol to a colorless reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. At the same time, VC is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid.

Oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol is red in acidic solution, so the titration end point is when the acid solution containing VC is titrated with 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol . The content of VC can be calculated from the amount of 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol consumed.

Reagent

1% oxalic acid, 2% oxalic acid, 0.001 mol / L 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol

step

1. Weigh 4.0g of fresh sample-add 5ml 2% oxalic acid to grind-filter into a 50ml volumetric flask-extract the residue with 2% oxalic acid-make up to volume with 1% oxalic acid.

2. Pipette 10 ml of filtrate into a triangle flask and titrate with 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, and record the volume of the titrant used.

3. Control: Add 35ml 2% oxalic acid to another volumetric flask to make up the volume with 1% oxalic acid. Take 10ml for titration and record the volume.

Results processing

VC content (ug / 100gFW) = 100 * V1-V2 KV / W V3

In the formula, W: sample weight V1: number of titration solution ml for titration sample V2: number of titration solution ml for titration control V3: number of filtrate ml V: total volume of extract K: 1ml titration solution oxidation VC mg

Determination of Trace Vitamin B2 by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction with Acetone and Ethanol

Extraction is a very important means of chemical separation. Traditional extraction and separation are usually carried out between two immiscible phases-organic phase and aqueous phase. The efficiency of this heterogeneous extraction is usually low. In fact, some organic solvents that are miscible with water are inorganic salts. Aqueous two-phase systems may also form under the action, but there are relatively few studies in this area, which need to be further expanded and deepened. Compared with the polymer two-aqueous phase system, the water-soluble organic solvent-salt two-aqueous system has the advantages of simple operation, fast phase separation, low price, low toxicity, clear phase separation, small interference to the measurement, and unfavorable viscosity of the extraction phase. , Difficult to handle polymers and other characteristics. Vitamin B2 (vB2, also known as riboflavin) is clinically used for the prevention and treatment of vitamin island deficiency such as keratitis, cleft lip, glossitis, scrotal inflammation, and corneal vascularization. The measurement methods include spectrophotometry, catalytic kinetics, and phosphorescence Method, voltammetry, chemiluminescence, fluorescence and chromatography. In this paper, the conditions of water-soluble organic solvents ethanol and acetone to form a bi-aqueous phase under the action of inorganic salts and the properties of extracting VB2 were compared. New method. For the determination of VB2 tablets Jingjing and injection.