What Are Different Physiotherapy Exercises?

Exercise therapy is a method to alleviate symptoms or improve function. According to the characteristics of the injury, perform whole body or local exercise to achieve the purpose of treatment. Exercise therapy plays an extremely important role in restoring and rebuilding functions, and it has gradually become the main body of physical therapy. It is one of the important measures for rehabilitation. Sports therapy is different from general sports activities. According to the patient's functional situation and disease characteristics, appropriate functional activities and exercise methods are used to train patients to achieve the purpose of promoting physical and mental health and preventing diseases. Exercise therapy achieves functional rehabilitation through functional exercise. Exercise therapy focuses on the training of the trunk, limbs, movement, feeling, balance and other functions, covering: joint movement technology, soft tissue stretching technology, muscle training technology, gait training technology, neurodevelopmental therapy, exercise relearning therapy, aerobic Training, balance training technology, joint loosening technology and daily life movement training.

Basic Information

Visiting department

Rehabilitation physiotherapy

Indications for exercise therapy

Orthopedic disease

After fracture, soft tissue injury, joint disease, dislocation and injury, after artificial joint replacement, cervical spondylosis, after hand trauma, lumbar and leg pain, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid spondylitis, after amputation, after amputation Wait.

2. Medical diseases

Ischemic heart disease, recent myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary stent surgery, heart valve replacement, heart valve repair, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma; diabetes; rheumatoid arthritis , Rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

3. Neurological diseases

Sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases (cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral embolism, etc.), spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, peripheral nerve injury, etc.

4. Other

Cerebral palsy in children and so on.

Contraindications to exercise therapy

Absolute contraindication

Vital signs are not stable; serious complications such as pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection, new deep vein thrombosis, pressure ulcers, etc .; severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction; severe osteoporosis; fractures and injuries combined with other parts and not healing; Pathological fractures; delayed or non-union of fractures.

2. Relative contraindications

Severe ischemic heart disease or hypertension, proliferative retinopathy, type 1 diabetes, etc.

Exercise therapy training techniques

Common training techniques:

Joint motion technology

(1) Patients with active exercise actively and forcefully contract muscles to perform joint movements or movements to maintain joint range of motion training. Commonly used a variety of freehand or equipment gymnastics.

(2) Active power-assisted exercise The movement or action performed by the patient to actively contract muscles with the assistance of external force. Assistance can be provided by a therapist, a patient's limb, equipment, gravity or buoyancy from water. This kind of exercise is often a form of transition from passive to active exercise, the purpose of which is to gradually strengthen muscle strength. Common suspension exercises, pulley exercises and equipment exercises.

(3) Training methods for patients with passive movements to complete joint movements themselves or with the help of a therapist to maintain and increase the range of joint movements.

2. Soft tissue drafting technology

Drafting is a treatment for stretching contractures or shortening soft tissue. The purpose is to improve or regain the extensibility of the soft tissue around the joints, reduce muscle tension, and increase or restore the range of motion of the joints. According to the source of the drafting force, the drafting method and the duration, the drafting can be divided into manual drafting, instrumental drafting, and self drafting. Clinically, it is mainly used for shortening of muscle, connective tissue and skin caused by soft tissue contracture, adhesion or scar formation, and reduction of joint range.

3. Muscle training techniques

According to the principle of excessive load, dynamic or static active resistance training is applied by the therapist to apply resistance or the patient uses its own gravity to provide resistance. It can be divided into isometric exercise, isotonic exercise and isokinetic exercise according to the muscle contraction mode and resistance form. Clinically, it is mainly used for the training of patients with weak muscles (level 4 or lower).

4. Walking training techniques

Including two training before walking and walking training. The former is a series of training that patients prepare to complete walking exercises to improve the patient's ability to adapt to standing, walking and other positions. The latter is an exercise in walking ability by the patient himself or using different walking assistance devices.

5. Neurodevelopmental Therapy

It is a method for treating limb dysfunction after brain injury that began to appear in the 1940s. Its typical representatives are Bobath technology, Brunnstrom technology, and Rood technology. This technology takes the nervous system as the main treatment object, and applies the basic principles and principles of neurodevelopment and neurophysiology to the rehabilitation treatment of dyskinesia after brain injury. Treatment in the order of head-to-tail, proximal-to-distal, turning therapy into a process of learning and controlling movements.

6. Exercise Relearning Therapy

The training of restoring motor function after CNS injury is regarded as a treatment method of relearning or relearning. It is based on the theoretical basis of biomechanics, human kinematics, neurophysiology, and cognitive psychology. It is homework- or function-oriented, emphasizes subjective participation of patients, and trains patients with motor functions in accordance with scientific sports learning methods.

7. Aerobic training

Aerobic training is endurance training for the purpose of increasing the body's ability to inhale, transport, and use oxygen. It is also a fitness method to improve the body's aerobic metabolism. This kind of training method is simple and easy to perform. The exercise method does not require high skills and is easy to implement. The exercise methods include walking, aerobics, swimming, cycling, running in place, climbing stairs, skipping rope, etc. The physiological load of the human body is determined by the intensity of the exercise, the number of times of training, the duration of each training, and so on. The human body can be self-monitored and self-controlled training, so it is safe and effective. Generally, moderate-intensity endurance training is used, which has a good effect on cardiopulmonary function, can increase the load, increase the oxygen carrying capacity, and promote the process of aerobic catabolism and anabolic metabolism of the body. It can also increase muscle contraction. force.