What Are the Best Tips for Students with Dyslexia?

Dyslexia refers to the phenomenon of normal or abnormal intelligence, but lagging in reading performance.

How far behind is considered dyslexia? Generally speaking, the reading scores lag behind one or two grades are used as the standard. That is to say, the diagnosis of dyslexia is based on standardized reading tests for children. It is found that children have lower average grades than other children of the same age, and only reach lower grades Children's average. Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disabilities, accounting for more than 70% of all children diagnosed with learning disabilities. According to research, as many as 10% -30% of children with dyslexia in English-speaking countries. Among children learning Chinese, 3% -5% suffer from dyslexia.

There are many reasons. To put it simply, there are the following reasons:

The first is the biological factor. Reading is a very complicated process because reading involves almost all psychological functions. Some people compare reading to playing the piano, which means that reading requires the coordination of multiple psychological functions, just as playing the piano requires the cooperation of various psychological functions. In the reading process, we first need to play the role of visual perception. The discrimination and memory of visual perception need to be involved. At the same time, reading requires the identification and memory of sounds. Reading is a process of responding to the sounds of the characters you read. Only skilled readers can read silently. Through the connection of glyph, sound and meaning, we gain understanding of words.

Almost all words are a combination of sound, form, and meaning. Without one of these links, people will have difficulty in understanding and learning words. For example, visual dysfunction and unbalanced eyeball vibrations cause word skipping and serialization during reading; auditory dysfunctions cause reading without hearing and reading without understanding; in addition, aphasia, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and dyskinesia Brain dysfunction can also cause reading difficulties.

Followed by emotional factors. For a long time, people with dyslexia have not been understood, especially in childhood. Such children are often regarded by parents as playful children. Children who are not focused or lazy in learning, not only do not get adults. Understand, instead, they are being criticized unfairly. Over time, these children become inferior and self-abandoned, thinking that no matter how hard they work, they are unable to catch up with others in their studies, so that many people with dyslexia have no career success in their lives. For example, some children have severe timidity and low self-esteem and are afraid to read aloud in class. As a result, the less they practice, the more obstacles they have. Other children are very sensitive and pay special attention to the evaluation of others. They are afraid that reading the wrong words will cause classmates to joke, so they are worried when reading aloud and cannot read easily and smoothly.

The third is the issue of educational methods. For those children with low intelligence or ability, if parents and teachers blindly force their children to practice reading instead of special training with scientific methods, if they fail to achieve results for a long time, children will have great psychological pressure and have more reading skills. Resistance to emotions, and even boredom. And for children with high intelligence and ability, if they are still allowed to repeat simple texts, they will also become perfunctory.

It is extremely important to cultivate good reading ability, and the cultivation of reading ability should start from a young age. Childhood is the key period for the development of reading ability. Therefore, early reading education is an important part of pre-school education that cannot be ignored. Compared with children in developed countries, there is still a large gap between children's reading ability and reading volume in China. Some experts at the China-Western Children's Reading Education Exchange and Seminar pointed out that Chinese children begin to enter the autonomous reading stage at the age of 8 (compared to 4 years in the West). Even in Beijing, the incidence of children with dyslexia is as high as 6% -8%. So dyslexia should be treated early.

For more severe dyslexia, such as children's neurophysiological defects, special teachers and psychologists need to use special methods to correct them, such as the multi-sensory channel method, which emphasizes the use of students' multiple sensory channels, such as sight and hearing , Movement, touch, etc .; neural tissue correction method, children with dyslexia usually use visual depiction exercises and eye-hand coordination exercises to promote the development of the superior ability of the cerebral hemisphere; for children with emotional disorders, you need to go through a psychological counselor Rectify their psychological problems.

The following focuses on the correction of dyslexia related to intellectual factors and education. Teachers can correct children's dyslexia through targeted extended vocabulary training, reading skills training, and the cultivation of good reading habits.

Dyslexia Correction for Dyslexia

First, select reading materials that are suitable for students, and pay attention to the exercises that require understanding of the meaning of the article. In order to encourage children to read quickly, basic readings should be used to expand children's vocabulary, and the materials used in this treatment must be made easy for children. You can also perform fast word recognition training under meaningless background conditions, such as quick sign method.

Dyslexia Reading Habit Correction

Everyone's reading habits will be different. Some people read it word by word from beginning to end, and after reading it, they were at a loss; others were able to skim and quickly grasp the subject; while others wrote notes while reading. Different reading habits often lead to differences in reading efficiency. This can be corrected in two ways.

First, teachers should cultivate students' habit of making marks or comments when reading, such as underlining important words; making comments where they do not understand. In this way, it can help students to concentrate and promote thinking while reading.

Second, teachers should cultivate the habit of students skimming quickly. One problem when people read is to read different materials in the same way.

The traditional method of "biting words" has not adapted to the requirements of the information age. Through training, children's self-regulation ability of reading speed should be developed so that they can choose the reading speed according to the type of material and the purpose of reading. .

In China, the research on dyslexia is still in its infancy. In order to help children with dyslexia learn to read more effectively, more extensive and in-depth research and practice are needed.