What are the phases of childhood and development of early childhood?
Development and development in early childhood are times of great changes in the living organism and are perhaps the most formative years of development. Development progress can be measured in the following domains: physical, cognitive, emotional and social. For example, some common physical milestones often mean the child's physical and motor development. Psychological theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg and Erik Erikson have designed stage theory for other aspects of development. Specific averages differ very much, but generally some important events mean the child's physical development. At the beginning of childhood, the child follows mainly instinctive reflexes. The body is small and vulnerable, so the movement is limited. This second step occurs at about six months.
As soon as the lower part of the child begins to develop fully, the motor functioning proceeds to the phases of increased mobility. Infant can generally turn over in about three months, atWhich in the second part of the first year presents preliminary crawling. For about 18 months, many infants have the ability to walk, with a two -year orientation point.
During childhood and early childhood, sensory skills are also evolving. While the touch is more permanently more developed than other senses, in about three months, most of the senses - especially vision - have improved significantly. The perception of depth is a particularly important sensory milestone for infants.
emotional and moral development can also occur in the stages for childhood and early childhood. Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development was placed in an early childhood in the stages of one or two. The emotions and decisions of children at these times are therefore governed mainly by fear of punishment or personal satisfaction.
One of the most important and more studied theories of cognitive development comes from Jean Piageta, which includes four primary phases of developmentIt is: sensorimotor, preoperative, specific operational and formal operational. These phases concern how the child begins to think and mentally processed the world, and the first two phases form childhood and development of early childhood. According to this theory, the earliest phase, sensorimotor phase, within two years, during which the child moves from a simple perception of reflection to the ability to create mental images and understand that physical objects are real. The second phase of an early child is called the preoperative phase and the child remains at this stage until the beginning of middle childhood at the age of about six or seven years. This phase is characterized by the development of the child's ability to think symbolically, although most of the child's thinking still revolves around the child and its needs.
Psychologist Erik Erikson described the social development of the child in eight stages, with the first three phases of early childhood. The first year and a half of the child's life is an important development of attachment-especially to the mother-. The main social result that the child develops in the first phaseI, is either trust or distrust. During the second phase, the toddler develops either independence or shame when it tests the newly developed physical and mental abilities. Starting around three to about five years at the age of about age, the child begins to define social roles through playing and taking over a larger imaginative initiative in Activivazby.