What is hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar condition?

hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar condition (HHS) is a condition that results from elevated blood glucose levels, usually due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, a condition in which the body cannot regulate the concentration of blood glucose. Symptoms of this condition may include increased urination, increased thirst and even loss of consciousness in extreme cases. The diagnosis of HHS relies on the observation of characteristic laboratory abnormalities. Treatment focuses on providing intravenous fluids and supplementary insulin. Diabetic patients either have insulin resistance, as seen in diabetes mellitus 2. Type or reduced insulin produced by the pancreas, as seen in the type of 1st glucose in the blood increases. This eventually leads to increased urination, leading to dehydration. They usually have increased urination, increased thirst and poor appetite. With a further increase in blood glucose, confusion could develop and eventually could lose consciousness. Among other possible symptoms of pAtri fainting, dizziness and fast heart rate.

The diagnosis of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar condition is usually done by incorporating data collected from the patient's symptoms, physical examination and laboratory studies. Patients often appear to be dehydrated during physical examination and have dry mouth and dry skin. Laboratory results show significantly elevated blood glucose levels, with values ​​ranging from 600 to 1200 milligrams per deciliter. Toward, also increased sodium levels with sodium in the blood and increased serum osmolality, which is a value that describes how many substances are dissolved in the blood at the moment. Patients may also have reduced kidney function due to a reduced amount of fluids present in the body.

Treatment of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state focuses on the patient's intravenous fluid and the provision of it or its insulin. Patients are usualE instantly served 33.8-101.5 ounces (1-3 liters) of fluids over a few hours and then are complemented within a few days with another intravenous fluid at a slower pace. Insulin infusion is also immediately administered to patients and usually receive a large dose of insulin followed by a smaller continuous hourly dose of insulin.

Another important aspect of the treatment of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state is to find out why there has been an elevated blood glucose level. Many times infections such as pneumonia OR and urinary tract infection could start a chain of events leading to HHS. In other cases, heart attacks or punches could lead to the development of this condition.