What is Bad Cholesterol?

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): Cholesterol is present in the blood as lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is commonly understood as "bad" cholesterol, as elevated levels of LDL-C increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

Low density lipoprotein liposterol

Right!

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): Cholesterol is present in the blood as lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is commonly understood as "bad" cholesterol, as elevated levels of LDL-C increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

Chinese name

Low density lipoprotein liposterol

Foreign name

LDL-C

Called

"Bad cholesterol"

young people

2.7mmol / L

Middle-aged and elderly

3.37mmol / L

Cholesterol is divided into high-density cholesterol and low-density cholesterol. The former has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, which is usually called "good cholesterol". The latter is higher, and the risk of coronary heart disease will increase. cholesterol".

The 7th edition of internal medicine has clearly stated that LDL-C is a clearly independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, and the role of which is oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Ox-LDL-C). Preventing LDL-C from being oxidized is a key factor.

Normal value

Young people average about 2.7mmol / L (105mg / dl);

Middle-aged and elderly about 3.37mmol / L (120mg / dl);

It is obviously higher than 4.14mmol / L (> 160mg / dl).

Increased: seen in hyperlipoproteinemia, coronary heart disease, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, liver disease and diabetes, etc., can also be seen in anorexia nervosa and pregnant women.

Reduction: seen in malnutrition, chronic anemia, myeloma, acute myocardial infarction, trauma and severe liver disease.

Many kinds of factors can cause the high elevation of LDL, which can be divided into two categories: non-pathological factors and pathological factors:

1.Non-pathological

(1) Unbalanced diet and excessive intake of fat.

(2) High levels caused by smoking and drinking.

(3) Excessive exercise and vigorous exercise can significantly increase HDL.

(4) Overweight and obese people are prone to cause high LDL.

2. Pathological factors

(1) Patients with abnormal liver function and hepatitis

(2) Atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein can carry cholesterol into human arterial wall cells. When the low-density lipoprotein is higher than normal, excess cholesterol accumulates on the blood vessel wall, forming atherosclerosis, and even coronary heart disease.

Plaque forming atherosclerosis

If the concentration of LDL-C in the blood increases ^[1] , it will deposit in the arterial walls of blood vessels such as the heart and brain, gradually forming atherosclerotic plaques, and blocking the corresponding blood vessels. It has now been confirmed that high levels of LDL and its cholesterol (LDL-C) often cause cardio-cerebral-vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, which requires attention, so some people call LDL-C bad cholesterol.

Coronary heart disease

Death and disability serious diseases such as stroke and peripheral arterial disease. If the concentration of LDL-C in the blood increases, if the heart LDL-C level exceeds the normal range, the risk of the heart will increase. It will deposit in the arterial wall of blood vessels such as the heart and brain, gradually form atherosclerotic plaques, and block the corresponding blood vessels. LDL-C levels that increase beyond the normal range increase the risk of the heart.

Induced fatty liver

If it is a person with liver dysfunction and long-term high-density lipoprotein levels are high, fatty liver may be induced. The patient may have hepatomegaly, loss of appetite, liver pain, elevated transaminase, and a small number of mild jaundice, splenomegaly, etc symptom.