What Is Overbreathing?

Hyperventilation syndrome (hyperventilation syndrome) is a physiological and psychological reaction caused by acute anxiety. When the attack occurs, patients will feel a rapid heartbeat, palpitations, and sweating. Because they cannot feel the breath, they will breathe faster, causing carbon dioxide to continue Excreted and the concentration is too low, causing secondary respiratory alkalosis and other symptoms. Over-breathing is over-breathing, which causes respiratory alkalosis, causing numbness in hands and feet, and in severe cases, the limbs can twitch.

Hyperrespiratory syndrome

Hyperrespiratory Syndrome /

1. Actively prevent and cure primary diseases.

2. Reduce the patient's hyperventilation, such as sedation for mental hyperventilation.

3. In order to increase blood PCO2, paper or long tube bags can be used to cover the nose and mouth to increase the dead space of the respiratory tract and reduce the exhalation and loss of CO2. It can also inhale oxygen containing 5% CO2 for symptomatic treatment.

4. Those with tetany can give proper calcium supplements to increase the plasma [Ca ++] (10ml calcium gluconate 10ml).

1. Psychohyperventilation This is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis, but it is generally not severe. In severe cases, dizziness, paresthesia, and occasional convulsions can occur. Common in patients with rickets.

2. During metabolic process abnormal hyperthyroidism and fever, ventilation can significantly increase the amount of CO2 that should be discharged. Can cause respiratory alkalosis, but is generally not severe. However, it has been shown that ventilation does not depend solely on [H +] and Pco2 in body fluids, but also on metabolic intensity and aerobic conditions. Hyperventilation at this time may be caused by increased pulmonary blood flow through reflex responses.

3. Hypoxic hypoxia Hypoxic hyperventilation is a compensation for hypoxia, but at the same time it can cause excessive CO2 emission and respiratory alkalosis. Common in people who enter the plateau, mountains, or altitudes; patients with thoracic and pulmonary lesions such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pulmonary congestion, etc., which cause stimulated afferent nerves in the thorax, pulmonary blood vessels, or lung tissues to increase reflex ventilation; in addition, some In patients with congenital heart disease, hypotonic hypoxemia due to increased right-to-left shunting can also occur with hyperventilation. These all cause the decrease of plasma H2CO3 and the occurrence of respiratory alkalosis.

4. Central Nervous System Diseases Encephalitis, meningitis, brain tumors, cerebrovascular accidents and craniocerebral injury patients are stimulated and excited, and hyperventilation occurs.

5. Salicylic acid poisoning Salicylic acid can directly stimulate the respiratory center to increase its excitability and increase its sensitivity to normal stimuli. As a result, hyperventilation occurs.

6. Gram-negative bacillus septicemia Patients with gram-negative bacilli who enter the bloodstream and reproduce can have significant hyperventilation when temperature and blood pressure have not changed. Pco2 has as low as 17mmHg. This change is very helpful for diagnosis. The mechanism is unclear, as this phenomenon has not been successfully replicated in animal experiments.

7. Artificial respiration.

8. Cirrhosis Hyperventilation may occur in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and elevated blood NH3. It may be caused by the stimulating effect of NH3 on the respiratory center. Of course, ascites lifting the diaphragm can also stimulate breathing, but patients with non-cirrhotic ascites have no response to hyperventilation.

9. Metabolic acidosis is suddenly corrected. For example, using NaHCO3 to correct metabolic acidosis, the extracellular fluid [HCO3-] concentration rapidly rises to normal, but it passes through the blood-brain plasma barrier very slowly, about 12 to 24 hours. Because of metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation persists. This causes respiratory alkalosis with too low H2CO3.

10. There is a moderate increase in ventilation during pregnancy, which exceeds the production of CO2. It is currently believed that progesterone stimulates the respiratory center. Some synthetic progesterone preparations also have this effect. Ketoacidosis can occur due to vomiting and insufficient diet during pregnancy, and respiratory alkalosis can occur after pregnancy reaction, sometimes causing hand-foot convulsions.