What Is Sinus Histiocytosis?

The disease is mainly composed of proliferating Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells. Multinucleated giant cells and necrotic tissue can also be seen. There is often a layer of uninvaded connective tissue below the epithelium (fig.3).

Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Langerhanscellhistiocytosis) or Langerhans cell disease (Langerhans # 39; celldisease), also known as histiocytosis X (HistiocytosisX), is a rare group of patients with Langerhans cell proliferation The main cause of the disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are not clear. Some people think that it is a reactive disease rather than a real tumor. Some people think that this disease is caused by abnormal immune system, but more can be seen by PCNA immunohistochemistry. Positive cells, and the common mitotic phenomenon in the lesions are considered to be proliferative diseases, which may be tumorous hyperplasia.

Affected area: whole body
Related diseases: Langerhans cell histiocytosis congenital self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis Paget's disease-like reticular hyperplasia eosinophilia recurrent granulomatous dermatitis benign head histiocytosis sinus Histiocytosis with giant lymphadenopathy Polycentric reticular histiocytosis Pulmonary eosinophils Histiocytosis Pulmonary histiocytosis Systemic eruptive histiocytosis Pediatric aquatic histiocytosis Children Langerhan Histiocytosis in children with autoimmune lymphocytosis syndrome

Affiliated Department: Other departments
Related symptoms: Bladder stones fever diarrhea liver stellate cell hyperplasia hyperthermia bone destruction acute urinary retention macroglossal ulcers lymphadenopathy cysts cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes increased diabetes insipidemia anemia prostate hyperplasia granulomas renal failure eosinophils increased hematuria gingival swelling eyeballs prominent tissue cells

Langerhans cells are mostly foci, lamellar aggregates, large cell volume, rich cytoplasm, weak eosinophilia, the nucleus is round, oval or lobular, the nucleoli is obvious, and the nucleus often shows nuclear grooves ( fig.4,5).

In Han Xueke's disease, a large number of phagocytic tissue cells are called foam cells, which are more common around the necrotic area, but less eosinophils.

In Lecher's disease, Langerhans cells proliferated in large numbers, with more heterogeneous nuclei and mitotic phases, but no foam cells.

OKT6 and S-100 proteins (fig.6) can be used as immunohistochemical markers of Langerhans cells. Both cytoplasm and nucleus were strongly positive. The electron density of Langerhans cells is lower under the electron microscope, which is also known as bright cells. The nuclear membrane of the nucleus is indented to form a defect. The characteristic Langerhans particles, also known as Birbeck particles, are rod-shaped in the cytoplasm. The bounded film has a particle length of 0.2-1um and a width of 40nm. The surface has regularly spaced horizontal stripes, or one end swells like a tennis racket (fig.7).

This group of diseases includes three types of eosinophilic granuloma, Han Xueke disease, and Lecher's disease. Due to the age of onset, the lesion site and the degree of Langerhans cell proliferation, different symptoms, course and prognosis appear.

Eosinophilicgranuloma

It is a chronic limitation, which occurs in children and adolescents, but also in adults.It is more common in men, and the disease is more common in bones. The lesions can be isolated or multiple.The skull, mandible, and ribs are the most commonly invaded. In some cases, the lungs may be involved in individual cases, usually with single bone damage. Oral lesions often invade the jaws and gums, and the lower jaw is the most common. Patients often see a doctor for gum swelling, ulcers, jaw enlargement, pain, and loose teeth. Examine the gums with yellowish swelling but no pus, soft texture, easy to bleed, gingival margins can be destroyed by worm-like erosion, gingival nipple erosion disappears (fig.1), and X-rays show osteolytic or puncture destruction. The destruction of the center of the jaw bone or the alveolar bone is the main cause, and extensive damage can also occur (fig. 2). Clinically misdiagnosed as malignant mass, necrotic gingivitis, periodontal disease, osteomyelitis, jaw tumor or cyst. Single bone disease generally has a good prognosis. Multiple lesions easily relapse after treatment.

Han Xueke disease (Hand-Schuller-Christiandisease)

It is a chronic dissemination type, which is easy to occur in children over 3 years old. It is more common in males, and generally has a slow onset and a long course of disease. It is often a bony and extra-bone disease. There are three major features of this disease: skull disease, exophthalmos, and diabetes insipidus. Lesions invading the orbital bone can cause eyeballs to protrude. When the lesions are located in the sphenoid, they can invade the pituitary gland and cause diabetes insipidus. Often invades other organs such as the lungs. Patients may have fever. X-ray image shows that the skull is irregularly punctured and the jaw has a transmission area of bone destruction. Patients can be cured, but often have sequelae such as diabetes insipidus or stunting. It is generally believed that the earlier the age of onset, the worse the prognosis.

Letterer-Siwedisease is an acute disseminated type, most of which are infants under 3 years of age, and the course is acute or subacute, which is the most severe type. May have extensive internal organ involvement. Clinically, there may be systemic symptoms such as recurrent or persistent high fever, rash, anemia, hepatosplenic lymphadenopathy, and diarrhea. The deciduous teeth become loose, and the giant tongue is formed when the tongue tissue is invaded, and the lymph nodes in the neck are often enlarged. X-ray showed that the skull and long bone had obvious bone destruction, and the jaw could be a well-defined osteolytic change. This type of disease is severe and the prognosis is poor.

Increased eosinophils: When the absolute value of eosinophils in the surrounding blood is greater than 400-450 / mm3, it is called eosinophilia. It is often clinically related to many diseases, especially parasitic infections and allergic diseases. The normal eosinophil count is 50-250 / mm3, and the level of endogenous glucocorticosteroids often decreases slightly in the morning.

Hepatic stellate cell proliferation: There are two types of physiological proliferation and pathological proliferation. Occurs because of adaptation to physiological needs, and the extent of which does not exceed the normal limit is called physiological hyperplasia. After some tissues of the human body are damaged, the compensatory hyperplasia of the rest is also physiological hyperplasia. Hyperplasia caused by pathological causes beyond the normal range is called pathological hyperplasia. Physiological hyperplasia is divided into compensatory hyperplasia and endocrine hyperplasia.

The mechanism of physiological proliferation is not fully understood at present. Pathological hyperplasia is mostly related to hormonal stimulation; tumorous hyperplasia caused by tumor cell proliferation also belongs to the scope of pathological hyperplasia. However, conventionally, hyperplasia refers to benign non-tumorous lesions. Although hyperplasia and hypertrophy are two different concepts, in fact hypertrophy often occurs at the same time. Compensatory hyperplasia that occurs due to adaptation to physiological needs or after injury can enhance or compensate for local metabolic and functional changes and is beneficial to the body. But pathological hyperplasia is often harmful to the body. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in older men and the most common benign tumor in men. BPH is often associated with a series of irritation symptoms and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which negatively affects the quality of life of patients. Untreated BPH can cause some complications, the most common of which are acute urinary retention (AUR), gross hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, symptoms of urinary tract obstruction, bladder stones, and relatively rare renal failure.

Cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell increase: refers to counting the cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and found that the number of white blood cells increased. Normal cerebrospinal fluid contains no red blood cells, no white blood cells, or a very small amount of white blood cells. Many neurological diseases can cause changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid cell components. In particular, cerebrospinal fluid cell components are abnormal and more sensitive, but often lack specificity, so comprehensive analysis of test results should be performed.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a chronic localized type, which occurs in children and adolescents, and it can also occur in adults.It is more common in men, and the disease is more common in bones. The lesions can be isolated or multiple, and the skull and mandible Bone and ribs are the most commonly invaded sites. Individual cases can involve the lungs, usually with single bone damage. Oral lesions often invade the jaws and gums, and the lower jaw is the most common. Patients often see a doctor for gum swelling, ulcers, jaw enlargement, pain, and loose teeth. Examine the gums with yellowish swelling but no pus, soft texture, easy to bleed, gingival margins can be destroyed by worm-like erosion, gingival nipple erosion disappears (fig.1), and X-rays show osteolytic or puncture destruction. The destruction of the center of the jaw bone or the alveolar bone is the main cause, and extensive damage can also occur (fig. 2). Clinically misdiagnosed as malignant mass, necrotic gingivitis, periodontal disease, osteomyelitis, jaw tumor or cyst. Single bone disease generally has a good prognosis. Multiple lesions easily relapse after treatment.

Han Xueke disease (Hand-Schuller-Christiandisease) is a chronic disseminated type, which is easy to occur in children over 3 years of age. It is more common in men, and generally has a slow onset and a long course of disease. It is often a bony and extra-osseous disease. There are three major features of this disease: skull disease, exophthalmos, and diabetes insipidus. Lesions invading the orbital bone can cause eyeballs to protrude. When the lesions are located in the sphenoid, they can invade the pituitary gland and cause diabetes insipidus. Often invades other organs such as the lungs. Patients may have fever. X-ray image shows that the skull is irregularly punctured and the jaw has a transmission area of bone destruction. Patients can be cured, but often have sequelae such as diabetes insipidus or stunting. It is generally believed that the earlier the age of onset, the worse the prognosis.

Drink plenty of water

2. Selenium supplement

3. Supplement Coenzyme Q10

4. Antioxidants for Healthy Cells

5. Vitamin A helps repair skin damage

6. Vitamin C helps skin sun protection

7. Vitamin E improves skin health

8. Supplement essential fatty acids

9. Healthy oils for healthy skin

10. Drink more green tea