What Is Toxic Food Poisoning?

(1) The seasonality and regionality are more obvious, which is related to the distribution of toxic animals and plants, growth maturity, picking and catching, and eating habits.

Poisonous animal and plant food poisoning

Poisonous animal and plant food poisoning refers to food poisoning caused by ingestion of toxic animals and plants or improper eating methods. Including: poisoning of toxic animal tissues, such as puffer fish, shellfish, animal thyroid and liver, etc .; poisonous plant poisoning, such as poisonous cassava, cassava, green beans, germinated potato, mountain anise and fresh day lily.

Food poisoning characteristics of toxic animals and plants

(1) The seasonality and regionality are more obvious, which is related to the distribution of toxic animals and plants, growth maturity, picking and catching, and eating habits.

(2) Intersexuality occurs with great chance.

(3) The incubation period is short, most of which range from tens of minutes to more than ten hours. A few have more than a day.

(4) The morbidity and mortality are high, but differ from the toxic animal and plant species.

Poisonous animal and plant food poisoning Puffer fish poisoning

Puffer fish (Spheroides vermicularis), also known as tadpoles, has hundreds of species, and is a delicious but highly toxin-containing fish. Poisoning mostly occurs in Japan, Southeast Asia, China's coast, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Toxicity: The toxic substance is tetrodotoxin, which is a kind of neurotoxicity. It is stable to heat and can be decomposed above 220 ° C. It cannot be destroyed by salting or sun exposure. The toxic content of fish varies in different parts and seasons. The ovaries and liver are highly toxic, followed by kidneys, blood, eyes, gills and skin. Visceral toxins can infiltrate into the muscles after the fish dies, and the originally non-toxic muscles are also toxic. Ovarian toxicity is strongest during spawning.

Clinical manifestations and treatment: Tetrodotoxin can cause central nerve paralysis, block nerve-muscle conduction, and cause progressive paralysis of voluntary muscles; directly block skeletal fibers; cause peripheral vasodilation and sharp decrease in arterial pressure. The incubation period is 10 minutes to 3 hours. Early tingling sensations in the fingers, tongue, and lips, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Weak limbs, chills, numbness of lips and extremities. The pupils and corneal reflexes disappeared in severe patients, and the limbs were paralyzed, leading to general paralysis and paralysis. Respiratory surface is shallow and irregular. In severe cases, breathing is difficult, blood pressure drops, coma, and finally died of respiratory failure. There is currently no specific antidote for this, and patients should be discharged as soon as possible and given symptomatic treatment.

Prevention: Strengthen publicity and education to prevent accidental eating. Fresh puffer fish should be processed uniformly and sold only after being qualified.

Poisonous animal and plant food poisoning poisonous mushroom poisoning

There are more than 300 species of edible mushrooms and more than 80 poisonous mushrooms in China, of which more than 10 species contain acute toxins. It is often poisoned by ingestion, and is often distributed in hot and rainy seasons.

Toxins and poisoning characteristics: One toadstool can contain multiple toxins, and many toadstools can also contain one toxin. The formation and content of toxins are often affected by the environment. The degree of poisoning is related to the species of toadstool, food intake, processing methods and individual differences. According to the composition of toxins, there are four types of poisoning:

Gastroenteritis type : May be caused by resinous substances, toxins such as guanidine or muscaric acid. The incubation period is 5 minutes to 6 hours, manifesting as nausea, severe vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The course is short and the prognosis is good.

Neuropsychiatric : Toxins that cause poisoning are methamphetamine, toadsin, and hallucinogens. The incubation period is 6 to 12 hours. In addition to gastroenteritis, symptoms of poisoning include nerve excitement, insanity and depression. There may also be sweating, drooling, slow pulses, and dilated pupils. The course is short and there are no sequelae.

Hemolytic type : caused by toxins such as deeromycin and saddle poison, with an incubation period of 6 to 12 hours. In addition to symptoms of acute gastrointestinal inflammation, there may be hemolytic symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, hematuria, hepatosplenomegaly. In severe cases, death can result.

Liver and kidney damage type : mainly caused by amanitapeptide and amanitamin. The toxin is heat-resistant and resistant to drying, and cannot be damaged by general cooking. Toxins damage the nucleus of the liver cells and the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver cells, as well as the kidneys. The incubation period is 6 hours to several days, and the course of disease is longer. The clinical course can be divided into six periods: incubation period, gastroenteritis period, false healing period, visceral damage period, mental symptom period, and recovery period. This type of poisoning is dangerous, and if it is not actively treated in time, the mortality rate is very high.

Treatment : To expel poisons with vomiting, catharsis and other measures in the early stage, it can be detoxified with mercapto drugs such as sodium dimercaptosuccinate and liver protection therapy and other symptomatic treatment.

Prevention : Strengthen education and prevent accidental eating.

Poisonous animal and plant food poisoning cassava poisoning

The edible portion of cassava (Manihot utilissima) is a root block, which contains starch and a small amount of protein, and is one of the main industrial miscellaneous grains in some regions in southern China.

Toxicity and poisoning characteristics: The roots, stems, and leaves of cassava contain linamarin. After hydrolysis, free hydrocyanic acid can be precipitated, causing suffocation and poisoning of tissue cells. The incubation period is 6 to 9 hours, and there is also one hour onset. Mainly symptoms of hydrocyanic acidosis. Can die from convulsions, hypoxia, shock, respiratory paralysis.

Prevention and treatment: gastric lavage and treatment with hydrocyanic acid poisoning. Strengthen health education. Master the safe eating method: peel the skin, dip the potato repeatedly, open the lid when cooking to make the hydrocyanic acid volatilize; discard the soup, soak the cooked potato with water, and steam before cooking. Starch made from cassava has good detoxification effect.

Poisonous animals and plants food poisoning potato poisoning

Toxicity and poisoning characteristics: Potato (solanum tubersum) is commonly known as potato, yam egg, potato and other toxic components are solanine, also known as potato toxin, is a weakly alkaline glycoalkaloid, also known as dragon sunflower Glucoside. The toxin is soluble in water and easily decomposes in the presence of acetic acid. It can also destroy its toxicity when boiled under high heat. Therefore, it is easy to be poisoned only after eating germinated or immature potatoes without proper treatment. Solanine has strong irritating and corrosive effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa, and has a paralytic effect on the central nervous system, especially on the respiratory center and the motor center. In addition, it has a lytic effect on red blood cells, which can cause hemolysis. The pathological changes are mainly acute pulmonary edema, followed by gastroenteritis and edema of lung, liver, myocardium and renal cortex. Usually onset of tens of minutes to hours after eating. It starts with a itch or burning sensation in the throat and mouth, followed by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Mild cases heal themselves in 1 to 2 days; severe cases have dehydration and electrolyte disturbances, and blood pressure drops due to severe vomiting; severe poisoning has coma and convulsions, and finally causes death due to respiratory paralysis.

Clinical features: Burning sensation and pain in the upper abdomen, followed by dry throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and even fever, dyspnea, convulsions and coma, can also cause enterocyanin, mostly due to the respiratory center Paralyzed and died.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for germinated potato poisoning, mainly symptomatic treatment. Immediately after poisoning is found, wash your ears with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate or 0.5% tannic acid solution or strong tea, and listen to the stomach. Caustic soda should be used for diarrhea; 5 to 7 raw egg whites, 20 g of medicinal charcoal; 60 ml of 50% magnesium sulfate Oral catharsis; rehydration to correct fluid loss. Actively give oxygen and use appropriate breathing stimulants when breathing is difficult. Respiratory central paralysis with respirator.

Prevention: In terms of preventing poisoning, immature bruises and germinated potatoes are not edible; a little germinated potatoes should be dug out and soaked for more than half an hour, discard soaking water, add water to boil thoroughly, and pour the soup. Eat; add some rice vinegar when cooking potatoes, because its poisonous juice can be decomposed by acetic acid and become non-toxic. People should be reminded that germinated and rotten potatoes should not be eaten.