What Are the Different Types of Food Packaging Materials?

Food packaging materials refer to paper, bamboo, wood, metal, enamel, ceramic, plastic, rubber, natural fiber, chemical fiber, glass and other products used for packaging and containing food or food additives, and coatings that are in direct contact with food or food additives.

In order to maintain the quality of food, to prevent the food from deteriorating during storage, circulation, and sales, to prevent microbial contamination, and to prevent hyperchemical and physical changes, various foods must be packaged. In order to meet the needs of food packaging, it depends on the type of food. The packaging materials are classified into metal can packaging, glass bottle packaging, paper container packaging, and plastic packaging. And plastic packaging is developing rapidly.

There are two types of materials: tinplate and aluminum.

From the can-making process, it can be divided into: three-piece cans (bottom, lid, body) and two-piece cans (bottom, body, one or more punches, boxes).

One canned metal canned food, suitable for packaging a variety of foods, has a longer storage time, is convenient for transportation and sales, and is convenient to eat. From food, it is divided into acid food and sulfur-containing food.In order to meet the packaging requirements of acid food and sulfur-containing food, the tank must have a preservative layer, which is usually called canned inner coating. The whole tinplate is coated with paint on the line, and then baked into a film to become paint iron, and then made into a can. In addition to the health requirements of coating iron: non-toxic, odorless, and odorless, the coating film must also meet the requirements of can making (impact resistance, toughness, adhesion to tinplate, etc.), and the requirements of solid cans (density of coating film) , Film thickness, acid or sulfur resistance) and special product requirements.

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Glass bottles have a long history as packaging containers. As a food packaging container, glass bottles have the characteristics of transparency, tightness, chemical stability, and reusability. But the disadvantages are fragile and heavy. From the types and manufacturing methods of glass bottles: general glass bottles, lightweight glass bottles, plastic reinforced bottles, chemically strengthened bottles, etc. From the glass bottle mouth is divided into: narrow-mouth bottles and wide-mouth bottles. The narrow mouth bottle is suitable for wine, beverage, condiment, etc. Wide mouth bottles are suitable for canned food such as vegetables, fruits, jams, and meat.

Plastic films have been widely used as food packaging materials. The films used are: polyethylene (PE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), biaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinyl acetate (PET), nylon (NY), or a composite of the above-exemplified composites film. ^[1]

As food packaging materials, in addition to the above mentioned, there are ceramic products, wood products, bamboo products and so on.

In recent years, in order to improve food safety and reduce environmental pollution, the use of natural polymer materials as raw materials to prepare environmentally friendly, biodegradable new packaging materials has received increasing attention. It is expected that in the future, recyclable and environmentally friendly packaging materials will become the main trend of the development of the packaging industry, and green packaging materials and nano packaging materials will be vigorously developed and developed. ^[2]