What Is a Cider Mill?

Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from pure fruit juice. In addition to cider, there are also pear wine, peach wine or other fruit wines. Cider has a low alcohol content, from about 2% to 8.5%.

Apples have a long history, but it is not certain that cider dates back to that era. According to records, Mediterranean people in the first century AD were the first to invent cider. By the 3rd century, cider was spread to Europe, but it was not until the 8th century that the cider really began to rise in northwestern France and northern Spain. By the 12th century, the industrialization of cider in Europe had begun to take shape, but at that time cider was like a mixture of alcohol and vinegar, which was completely different from what it is now. With the development of the industrial revolution and the expansion of consumer demand, the British PercyBulmer established the world's first modern cider brewery and gradually developed into HPBulmer, the world's largest apple brewing company. Later, apple cider spread to the American continent. After the United States lifted the cider ban, apple cider has also made great progress. At present, the cider brewing process has been perfected, and cider is an important fruit wine category circulating around the world.

Cider is a low-alcohol wine with rich nutrition. Drinking it in moderation can relax the muscles and improve the health of the body. Cider is a low-alcoholic fruit juice beverage that combines the advantages of beer and fruit juice. It has a clear taste and rich nutrition. It is made by using the finest apples as raw materials and low-temperature fermentation. Cider contains 25 kinds of amino acids, 8 of which cannot be synthesized by the human body; it also contains vitamins (vitamin B12, vitamin C, inositol, etc.) that promote human development and treat and prevent diseases. Cider contains organic acids mainly composed of malic acid, which helps to remove excess salts that cause arteriosclerosis and urolithiasis in the body; cider also softens blood vessels, reduces blood lipids and appetizing effects; especially cider Pyruvate, the fat burning agent contained in it, can play a role in consuming fat. A proper amount of pyruvate can make the body reach a balance between supply and demand and a fat and thin state. Drinking it for a long time is a good way to keep fit and lose weight. Apple also contains many minerals such as calcium, magnesium and trace element chlorine, which can help the body digestion and absorption. ^[4]

Cider History

Cider as a beverage has a long history in the world.

Making cider

data-layout = "right" In the Norman Conquest, Britain had a history of apple brewing. After the Norman conquest, exact records of cider began to appear in the English monasteries. In these major apple growing areas, such as Kent, Somerset, and Hampshire, most estates have their own pressing equipment and can make their own cider. The monasteries also regularly sell their products to the public. In Sussce's records in 1367, there are historical materials that sell 3 tons of cider for 55 shillings. In the Middle Ages, the production of apple cider in Kent became an important industry. When Henry II was in office, the brewery in Kent became famous for its flavored apple cider. Cider production and consumption has become very popular in traditional wine producing countries such as Europe, America and Australia. Cider became a big drink after the wine list. The annual output of Cider in France is about 300,000 tons, and there are six cider factories with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons in the Normandy region alone. The annual output of "Cider" in the UK was as high as 528,000 tons in 1996. 24 % Of consumers drink cider. According to relevant data, the consumption of hard cider in the United States in 1997 was 3.7 million gallons, and by the end of 2000, the consumption of cider could reach 11 million gallons.

After the founding of New China, China's wine-making technology has made great progress, and fruit wine production has also developed greatly. Cider as a leader in fruit wine has also had short-term glory. In 1963, 1979 and 1984 national appraisals, Xiongyue Cider of Liaoning was rated as the national high-quality wine. In addition, the "high-grade cider" produced by Liaoning Wafangdian Brewery and the cider produced by Sichuan Jiangyou Distillery have also won the titles of Provincial Excellent and Ministry Excellent. In 1981, a semi-sweet sparkling wine, Yantai Apple Champagne, was launched on the Jiaodong Peninsula, marking the development of a new level of cider in China. The rise of the wine boom has also driven the development of the fruit wine industry and produced a number of higher-grade fruit wine products. The development of this kind of high-grade fruit wine is on the one hand the result of market demand, and on the other hand it also reflects the improvement of China's brewing technology, marking the development of China's fruit wine industry has entered a new period of prosperity.

Palace Wine Company of Jiyuan City, Henan Province, started the development of dried apple wine in the second half of 1996, and launched dried apple white on the eve of the Spring Festival in 1998. Enterprises such as Qingdao Langyatai Distillery, Yantai Golden Wave Brewing Company, Taishan Shengliyuan Company have also developed their own ciders and have been recognized by the market. In the first half of 2000, the world's largest cider producer, the British company HPBulmer, entered into a joint venture with Qufu Sankong Brewery to produce the world-famous "Woodpecker" brand cider.

Cider Origin

Cider has been produced in France for more than 800 years,

cider

The main products are Cidre, Pommuea and Calvados. The production areas are mainly concentrated in Normandy and Brittany. These products are sold around the world and enjoy a certain reputation. There are not many new technologies applied in French cider, and they are not as advanced as we think. They generally follow the traditional process, but they do have their own uniqueness in the selection of raw materials and brewing technology. We borrow. There are more than 800 varieties of apples used in winemaking in France, and more than 500 commonly used. The varieties used for winemaking are not fresh. Apples are roughly divided into two categories based on their acid content. Acidity 3g / L (H2SO4) is acid apple, acidity 3g / L (H2SO4) is divided into sweet apple, sweet bitter apple, bitter apple according to different tannin content. The brewers who make apple cider generally use mixed-type fermentation and less single-type fermentation.

Country wine introduction

Before the development of fast long-distance transportation, the regional characteristics of fruit wine consumption generally corresponded to the regional characteristics of fruit wine production. That is, fruit wine consumption is concentrated in the apple orchard area. For example: RA Fletcher stated in his book "LiberSancti Jacobi" that in the 12th century Galicia, fruit wine was said to be more common than wine.

Argentina

In Argentina, fruit wine is the best-selling alcoholic carbonated beverage during Christmas or New Year. The traditional understanding is that these are low-end and mid-range juices, while high-end juices are made into champagne for Christmas or New Year receptions. Popular commercial brands are Cortesía ', Real, La Victoria, Del Valle, La Farruca and RamaCaída. The market usually sells 0.72 liter glass or plastic bottles of fruit wine.

Australia

The composition of fruit wine is in compliance with Australian and New Zealand food standards. This composition indicates that fruit wine is derived from fruit juice or unfermented apple juice, and fruit juice or unfermented pear juice must not exceed 25%. Fruit wine has been produced locally since its early arrival in Australia. Fruit wine was originally intended for limited use locally, and the country's commercial circulation and sales were monopolized by two major brands: Mercury and Strongbow. In early 2005, other new manufacturers joined, including ThreeOaks Cider, Pipsqueak and 5 Seeds Cider, as well as imported brands such as Magners, Weston's, Monteith's, Kopparberg, and Rekorderlig.

As interest in fruit wines has grown, so has the number of local manufacturers. Some fruit wine makers try to make wine using more traditional methods and more traditional wine apples. One such place is the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, which is experiencing a revival of traditional brewing methods, with major brands including Sunshack using only local ingredients. Tasmania is famous for its "Apple Island" and has also adopted a vintage approach to fruit wine brewing. Capt. Blighs 'Tasmanian Cider' is one of the latest manufacturers, using wine apples from the Huon Valley and the Channel. Huon fruit wine is produced in New Norfolk, Tasmania, using Sturm apples, and has been widely grown in the region since the 1830s. Henryof Harcourt and Bress cider (both from Hackett, Victoria) are two of the most complex and interesting fruit wines available on the market. Other small brands rely on household fruits (which are standard edible applesfrom supermarkets to cooking). Manufacturers in the Yarra Valley region of Victoria include Coldstream, Kelly Brothers, and Napoleone & Co. The Bridge Road Winery and the Amrit Winery, located in Biqules, Victoria, both produce fruit wines. Southern Australia's boutique fruit wine merchants include Lobo (Adelaide Hills), Thorogoods (Burra) and Aussie Cider (Barossa). In the southwestern region of Western Australia, especially where wine is produced, the number of fruit wine producers is also increasing, mainly in Denmark, Pemberton, and the Margaret River in Western Australia.

Before late 2008, fruit wine sales were increasing, because Magner's mixed with ice champagne was popular in the UK at the time, and RTD's liquor tax laws became lighter. The percentage of sales of wine products reached the largest in 2009 and 2010.

Austria

In Austria, fruit wine production is mainly in the southwestern region of Lower Austria, the so-called "most beautiful boutique street", as well as parts of Upper Austria and Steinier. Every farmer there has some apple or pear trees. Many farmers also own small hotels called "the most famous for selling new wines." Fruit wine and food can be provided. Fruit wine is called "most".

Belgium

Scotland and Newcastle own Belgian fruit wine maker StassenSA. The manufacturer also owns its own brand, such as: StrassenX Cider, also produces StrongbowJacques, which is a fragrance containing cherry, raspberry, and black millet. % Fruit wine. Zonhoven, based in KoningsNV, produces its own brands for European retailers and also offers a variety of flavors and packaging options for the beverage industry.

Canada

Quebec fruit wine is considered a traditional alcoholic beverage. It is usually sold in 750 ml bottles, and its alcohol content is generally between 7% and 13% (aperitifs can reach 20%), which can replace wine. But in the early days of British rule, fruit wine production was banned because it directly conflicted with the interests of existing British brewers (most notably John Morson). In recent years, a unique fruit wine has appeared on the market: ice fruit wine. This fruit wine is made from apples, and the apples used are required to have a high sugar content after natural frost.

In Ontario, cider or cider is often home-brewed. Fruit wines are commercially produced in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick and Ontario (there are large and small producers). The alcohol content of these wines is 7%. It sells 341 ml glass bottled wine and 2 liter plastic bottles of fruit wine. No extra sugar is usually added.

Channel Islands

The Channel Islands along Normandy have a long history of fruit wine making. Since the 16th century, fruit wine has become a daily drink for people in Jersey. At that time, the commercial opportunities created by fruit wine exports transformed feudal open agriculture into enclosure agriculture. It wasn't until the 19th century that fruit wine became the largest export agricultural product, and a quarter of agricultural land became an orchard. For example, in 1839, the volume of fruit wine exported from Jersey to England reached 269.9199 British gallons. During 1834-1843, the fruit wine exported from Gernsey reached 500,000 British gallons. The export of fruit wine in the western region has sharply reduced to 4,632 British gallons.

In the main export markets, beer has replaced fruit wine as a stylish drink. With the urbanization of the population, even in the household market, there is a tendency to consume beer. In the 1840s, potatoes, as the most important crop in Jersey, had replaced fruit wine, and the importance of growing potatoes in greenhouses was increasing in the Ghosnie area. It only maintains a small range of fruit wine production for domestic consumption, and this production is only reserved as seasonal work for local workers in Breritta and Normandy. However, in the middle of the 20th century, fruit wine production began to decrease. By 1983, only 8 farms were still producing fruit wine for their own consumption.

The number of orchards has been reduced to a very small extent. The storm of 1987 destroyed many fruit trees and lost many apple tree varieties on the island. Later, we worked together to identify and protect the surviving tree species, so the new orchard began to grow again. As part of the diversification, farmers began to enter the commercial production of fruit wine, people began to celebrate the tradition of fruit wine, and brought traditional winemaking experience to the market. Currently, in Jersey, about 7% of the fruit wine varieties are sold in stores, and a bouché-style fruit wine is also sold.

In Jersey, fruit wine can be used as a traditional preserved food-French black pepper and butter prawns.

Chile

Chile has been producing fruit wine since the colonial era. Fruit wine produced in southern Chile accounts for almost all domestic production. Chileans treat fruit wine (actually a sparkling wine) and apple cider (a family-produced, low-quality fruit wine) differently.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has not had a long history of producing fruit wine. The first major fruit wine producer was company Mad Apple, which has been producing fruit wine since 2007. MadApple's fruit wine is sweet and contains 6% alcohol. It is made on the basis of British style. The Czech company produces fruit wine from unfermented pure apples in the Elbe Plain. MadApple cider production originates from the part of the Morava river that passes through the Czech Republic, where agricultural cultivation has a clear advantage. This area specializes in wine production. Most fruit wines are also imported from the UK into the Czech Republic. The most famous imported brands are Strongbow, Rekorderlig, Magners, Bulmers and Green Goblin. In order to be able to enjoy it, the current growers have also started to produce fruit wine.

Denmark

Although Denmark has a long history of apple cultivation, its fruit wine production is not very large. Six places in Denmark to produce fruit wine are Pomona (since 2003), Fejø Cider (since 2003), Dancider (since 2004), Ørbæk Bryggeri (since 2006), Ciderprojektet (since 2008) and Svaneke Bryghus (since 2009) ). All products are influenced by British and French cider styles. Since 2000, the import of fruit wine has begun to increase greatly. Previously, fruit wine only had products from Sweden, and it was non-alcoholic fruit wine. The main brand of fruit wine on the Danish market is [[CULTA / S]]. In 2008, Carlsberg officially launched an alcoholic fruit wine-Somersby Cider, which is a fruit wine with an alcohol content of 4.7%.

East Asia

Japanese fruit wine refers to a soft drink similar to Sprite, or lemonade similar to British. The Sanjin Valley fruit wine produced by the Asahi company is very popular. It is conveniently stored and transported in PET bottles. The tinned fruit wine is sold by vending machines.

The fruit wine sold in South Korea is the same as in Japan, but the production process and packaging are different. In South Korea, the fruit wine ChilsungCider produced by Lotte is the most popular and is mainly sold in convenience stores and local hotels.

A popular drink in China is called "Apple Cider Vinegar", which is actually a fruit wine. This kind of drink is sold in restaurants and sometimes in supermarkets. This drink is expensive compared to other drinks and table wines. Shanxi Province is famous for its vinegar production.

Finland

In Finland, fruit wine is one of the most common drinks, behind beer. The most famous brands are GoldenCap, Fizz and Upcider. They are typical fruit wines with an alcohol content of 4,5-4,7%. In fact, all Finnish fruit wines are produced with fermented apple (or pear) juice, with flavors concentrated between forest berries and rhubarb and vanilla.

France

French fruit wine is an alcoholic beverage, mainly produced in Normandy and Brittany. Its alcohol content ranges from less than 4% to quite high. CidreDoux is a sweet fruit wine with an alcohol content of 3%. Demi-Sec fruit wine is between 3-5%, while CidreBrut is a dry fruit wine with an alcohol content of 4.5% and above. Many French ciders are sparkling wines. High-quality fruit wines are filled and sold in champagne style. Many fruit wines sold are filled with cork bottles, but refillable bottles are still sold. Until the middle of the 20th century, French cider was the second most popular beverage after wine. However, in non-traditional fruit wine production areas, the popularity of beer has occupied the market share of fruit wine. In Brittany's pancake shops, fruit wine is usually sold in traditional porcelain bowls rather than glass bottles. Kor is an aperitif cocktail made from fruit wine and black vinegar instead of traditional white and kor. Domfrontais in Orne, Lower Normandy, is famous for its pears. calvadosdu Domfrontais is made from fruit wine and poiré.

Fruit wine is also produced in the Basque Country in southwestern France. This is a local traditional drink, brewed in a retro way. The fruit wine produced here looks very styled in the Spanish Basque Country.

The Cabadus cider produced in Normandy and Lambig in the Brittata region are spirits made from fruit wine. The production process is called the secondary distillation method. After the first distillation, the liquid alcohol content is 28% -30%. After the second distillation, the alcohol content will reach about 40%.

Brittany fruit wine is produced using barrel technology. Calcium oxide and special enzymes are added to the pressed apple juice of the wine barrel to produce protein and precipitate to the bottom of the barrel for easy removal. This reduces the amount of protein available in the yeast, which allows the fruit wine to complete the fermentation process, but sugar is still available. As a result of this brewing, the beverage is sweeter and less alcoholic, while still retaining the full apple aroma without distillation.

Germany

German fruit wines are often called ciders. Famous local fruit wines are Ebbelwoi, Apfelmost (unfermented apples), Viez (from Latin, a substitute for wine), or Saurer Most (acid unfermented fruit wines). The alcohol content of these wines The content is between 5.5% 7%, slightly acidic.

German fruit wine production and consumption is concentrated in the Hessen region, especially in Frankfurt, Trau and Odenwald, in Moselfranken and Mersie and Trier in Saarland, and in the Lower Saarland And the border with Luxembourg, and the Neva region of Swabia, in these areas there are several large breweries, as well as countless small, private producers, mostly using traditional brewing recipes. The official Cider Route connects Luxembourg across the border via Saarburg.

India

Indian fruit wine is mainly produced in the Himachal Pradesh in the north. Made from apples, pears, plums, peaches and other fruits. And mainly run by state companies, such as: The Himachal Fruit Marketing and Processing Company, and private companies, such as Minchys (a company under the Wonderwyne brand name), and Green Valley and GoldHome.

Ireland

Fruit wine is a very popular drink in Ireland. For a long time, officials have encouraged and supported fruit wine production through preferential tax policies. A single brand of fruit wine, the Bulmers, dominates the Irish sales market. The brand belongs to the [[C & C]] company and is produced by Conan Meyer Co., Ltd. in Tiberias. Until 1949, the Irish Bulmers and British Bulmers wine Historical Origins. C & C also has its own brand, Magners, outside the Republic of Ireland. In Ireland, iced fruit wines are popular and widely advertised. Cidona is a non-alcoholic fruit wine from Bulmers. It is a very popular soft drink in Ireland and was once a brand of C & C.

Italy

In the apple-producing regions of northern Italy, fruit wine production was once very extensive. However, a significant decline occurred during the Fascist rule due to the enactment of a law prohibiting industrial production of alcoholic beverages. The law stipulates that fruit wine beverages must not exceed 7% alcohol in order to protect wine manufacturers. Although the current laws and regulations are beneficial to fruit wine manufacturers, production is limited to a few areas in the Alps, mainly in Trentino and Piedmont. It is famous for vin ëdpom cider (also called pomada) because The traditional brewing process is to put apples in oak barrels and ferment with grape dregs to form a unique red-like color. It is no different in taxation from other beverages. Many Italians do not know that there is fruit wine, which makes fruit wine different in many places in Italy, and it is difficult to find places to drink fruit wine.

Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, [[viez]] is more like British cider. This wine is cloudy in color, ranging from non-alcoholic to high-concentration fruit wines. Just brewed in the fall.

Mexico

There are only two types of fruit wine sold in Mexico. One is the popular apple-flavored carbonated soft drink, sold with a large number of other brands of soft drinks, such as SidralMundet and Manzana Lift (both are Coca-Cola brands). The other is alcohol-containing fruit wine. At this time, a sparkling wine is filled and sold in a champagne bottle. Its alcoholic strength is similar to that of beer. Due to the high cost of imported champagne, fruit wine is sometimes used as a substitute for champagne at New Year's Eve in Mexico because it is also a fruity sweet drink. However, fruit wine is now mainly used for Christmas Eve and family gatherings, while champagne is used to drink with friends during the New Year. Fruit wine beverages dominate the Mexican alcoholic beverage market, with sales reaching 38 million liters in 2009.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, fruit wine is not as ubiquitous as in neighboring countries. In 2007, Heineken Beer Company conducted a survey of a fruit wine called [[Jillz]] in bars across the country. This beverage is Heineken's main fruit wine brand (actually a fruit-flavored sparkling beer). It raises the profile among women and becomes an alternative to beer. At the same time, Strongbow, as a second brand, has also been introduced, which can increase consumer choice. By volume, both fruit wines contain 5% alcohol, similar to a typical draft beer in the Netherlands. Since 2009, many supermarkets have sold fruit wines from these two dominant brands. Other brands are mainly Magners and SavannaDry, which are sold in boutiques.

new Zealand

In New Zealand, many companies produce and / or sell fruit wine, and there are many fruit alcohol tasting houses, including [[McCashinsBrewery]] in Stoke, South Island, and [[Zefferbrewing Co]], built in the town of Matakala, They make dried fruit wine mainly from freshly squeezed fruit. An apple cider and pear wine produced by [[Monteith'sBrewery]] in Greymouth on the west coast of the South Island has raised international awareness, especially on the Australian market. [[OldMout Cider]], built in Nelson, South Island, is famous for its innovation in the fruit wine industry. They mix fruit wine in fruit wine, and then make fruit wine. Fruits include Boysonberry and Fjogo.

Norway

In Norway, fruit wine is naturally fermented apple juice. Pear juice is sometimes added with a bit of apple, which can make the fermentation process start faster. The main place of production is in the recognized "Hometown of Fruit" or "Apple Orchard"-Hardange area.

According to Norway's lengthy and complicated wine restriction laws, only three brands of sparkling wine (about 10% alcohol) are allowed to be sold to the Norwegian public through a monopoly agency, the local wine bureau. The three brands of fruit wine are Hardanger Sider Sprudlande produced by Hardanger Company, Krunesider produced by [[Bergen]] Company, and sourcing apples produced by Hardanger Company, Liersider produced by [[Lier]] Company. In order to comply with the 1975 alcohol prohibition law, advertising can only target alcoholic beverages with an alcohol content of 2.5% or less. No matter how the media reacts, the product must not be over-advertised.

Although non-alcoholic carbonated drinks can also be called "fruit wines", low-alcoholic fruit wines are still everywhere, and most brands are imported from Sweden.

Pakistan

Alcohol-free, apple-flavored carbonated drinks are very common in this country. Local brands include Cider from MehranBottler and Bigg Apple from [[MurreeBrewery]].

South Africa

Two main brands of fruit wines in South Africa, Hunters Gold and Savanna Dry, are produced and distributed through [[Distell Group Limited]]. As an alternative to beer, HuntersGold was first introduced in South Africa in 1988, including HuntersDry and Hunters Export. Savanna Dry fruit wine was introduced to South Africa in 1996 as a replacement for LightPremium. Another well-known small brand is Everson's from the Elgin Valley. Compared with mainstream brands, its dryness and alcohol content are higher. It is mainly brewed by traditional techniques. It must be stored in oak barrels for years before bottling.

Spain

Several regions of northern Spain have a tradition of brewing and drinking fruit wines, mainly in the Principality of Asturias and the Basque Country.

Fruit wine has been popular in the Basque Country for hundreds of years. In the 19th century, in Biscaia, Avala, and Navarra, [[Txacoli]] and [[Rioja]] fruit wines became more popular, and Gipps' cross-province wine culture remained strong. Beginning in the 1980s, the government and the Culinary Association worked together to change this culture in the Basque Country. You can get drunk whether you are drinking bottled wine or in the fruit wine house, and the fruit wine is released from the oak barrel. Although many fruit wine houses are located in the northern part of Gipps Trans-province, fruit wines can be found in Gippskova (located in Navarra and northwest of North Basque Country).

Wine tastings are very popular in Basque province across Gipps. Wine racks are distributed along the streets of Basque province. Until the inventory is sold out, people can buy various brands of fruit wine at low prices.

But Spain's largest producer of fruit wines is Asturias in the Atlantic, which produces more than 80% of Spain's total. The consumption standard for fruit wine in Asturias is 54 liters per person per year, perhaps the highest in any European region. For example, Spain's most famous fruit wine is "ElGaitero", a sparkling wine with a French flavor. This fruit wine is sweet and rich in foam. Unlike the fruit wine produced by traditional craftsmanship, this fruit wine is more like Lambrusk. Recently, a new apple tree cultivation technology has begun in the area of old coal mines, which used to play an important role in Asturias.

The earliest evidence of winemaking in the Asturias region was completed by the Greek geographer Steinabo in the 1960s.

Although there are some changes in the winemaking process, the traditional Asturian fruit wine still has an alcohol content of 48%. Traditionally, sidrerías and chigres fruit wines are mainly sold in bars. Although traditional foods can be bought along with other beverages, these bars still specialize in buying and selling cider. Fruit wine is poured from a height into a wide glass, and the amount of wine poured at a time is not large. When pouring the wine, one arm grips the bottle up and the other grips the glass below. This pour technique is called escanciarun culín, which allows the bubbles to enter the wine and produce a foaming taste like champagne, which does not last long.

Sweden

Swedish law states that stores cannot sell fruit wines with less than 15% fruit juice. Cider without fruit juice or less than 15% fruit juice is usually replaced by a fruit orchard apple or pear drink (Swedish) "Äpple- / Pärondryck med Ciderkaraktär. Swedish fruit wine brands include Rekorderlig, Kivik, Herrljunga Cider and Kopparberg cider. Most Sweden Fruit wine is almost completely different from traditional fruit wines from other countries. Usually, Swedish fruit wine is sweet and contains strawberry flavor and fruit flavor, which makes Swedish fruit wine more like fruit soda with alcohol.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, although fruit wine is always associated with the southwestern counties of England, Herefordshire and Ustershire, fruit wine is also produced in Wales and England, especially Kent and Suffolk. Both fruit wine brewing farms are located in Norfolk and Cheshire. The fruit wines on the market are sweet, mainly medium and dry. In recent years, there has been a blowout of fruit wine sales in the UK. The National Fruit Wine Manufacturers Association estimates that there are at least 480 fruit wine manufacturers active. From 2008, 61.9% of the UK's fruit wine production comes from the European Union, with the UK's share accounting for 7.9%.

British fruit wine types

There are two main wine making traditions in the UK. The winemaking traditions of the southwestern counties and the traditions of East Kent and East Anglia. The former brewed fruit wine uses a higher percentage of real fruit wine apples, so the tannic acid is richer and the taste is stronger. The latter type of fruit wine uses higher percentages of raw materials, or fruit that is used only for cooking or dessert. Kent fruit wines such as [[Biddenden's]], Rough Old Wife and Theobolds fall into this category. They are more transparent, have a stronger aroma and a lighter taste.

On the one hand is the traditional, small farmer-made fruit wine. These fruit wines are non-carbonated drinks with a cloudy orange color. There are many such small farms in the southwest counties. They all have a lot of traditional fruit wine professionals. Yields are low and are usually bought and sold only during the brewing period or only at local bars and shops.

On the other hand is the mass production of fruit wine, there are many brewing factories producing fruit wine, such as Strongbow and Blackthorn fruit wine.

Large-scale, commercial production of fruit wines, such as the products of Bulmers, may be sterilized by high temperature and forced to add carbonic acid. The color is golden and the liquid becomes transparent after filtering. Most white fruit wines are colorless.

cider

Commercial fruit wine

In the United Kingdom, there are key market segments for mass-produced white fruit wine (by volume, with an alcohol content of 7.5%). The consumption tax is higher for fruit wines with an alcohol content above 7.5%. Typical brands include WhiteLightning, Diamond White, Frosty Jack, and White Strike.

By volume, alcohol consumption tax is lower than other beverage taxes. Since 2011, the alcohol content per liter of fruit wine is equivalent to 7.5%, and the consumption tax is 35.87 pounds per liter. The consumption tax for a 100 liter table wine or pop drink is £ 241.23. Wine under 5.5% alcohol is taxed at £ 102.21. 7.% of beer is 139.28 pounds per hectolitre, and the consumption tax for equivalent spirits has reached 191.40 pounds.

Before 1996, fruit wines with an actual alcohol content of 7.4% could indicate 8.4% on the label. This is because the consumption tax at that time was calculated based on the actual consumption of alcohol. According to the provisions of the then trade description law, 1% of alcohol was allowed to rise on the label. At that time, home-made fruit wine was sold with an alcohol content of 7.8% to 8.4%. The government did not know whether people would prefer expensive, heavy drinks or light, cheap drinks.

Until 2005, homemade fruit wine brands were mainly sold in the market, and they were promoted at almost 50% extra cost. 3 liters of 7.5% fruit wine could be sold for 2.99 pounds. ScottishCourage has its own brand, and decided to limit the volume of bottles to 2 liters that year, and regarded this as a responsible drinking strategy. Speaking of white fruit wine, a company spokesman said, "This is the cheapest way to buy wine in the UK. This is equivalent to pocket money these days. No other wine has encountered a similar challenge as white fruit wine. . A three liter plastic bottle of fruit wine contains almost the recommended alcohol intake for a male drinker a week. "(Compared with the 28 unit alcohol intake recommendation, 225 ml of white fruit wine contains 22.5 units of pure alcohol. ) This caused a 70% decline in sales of white fruit wine, but increased sales of those weaker and more effective brands. Other manufacturers followed suit, increasing prices and abolishing 3-liter bottles.

The 7.5% increase in the price of fruit wine has led to a 5% increase in sales of large-volume fruit wines. The packaging of these fruit wines in supermarkets is still 3 liter bottles.

Since 2010, the HM Tax and Customs Bureau has announced that beverages to be called fruit wine must contain at least 35% apple or pear juice and must be fermented at least 1033 degrees in advance. Such fruit wine will have a low tax rate The advantages.

West of England

The turbid and unfiltered fruit wine produced in the southwestern counties is usually called "strong cider". At this time, a local dialect is mainly used to describe fruit wine made from small apples or shrunken apples. Fruit wines from Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Ustershire are traditionally brewed and are granted a "Protected Geographical Indication" by the European Union. There are only 25 cider producers in the Samstreshire area, and many are small family-owned workshops. Historically, farm laborers in Devon, Wiltshire, Dorset, Cornwall and Shamstedt have been able to receive daily payments in the form of fruit wine. The importance of early fruit wine can be seen from many local customs and practices, such as the "Festival Party".

Large-scale producers in western England include the Thatcher Brewery in Sandford, Samstead, the Bulmers Plant (manufacturer of Strongbow) in Hereford, and the BrothersCider and GaymerCider Company Brewery, both of which Fruit wineries are located in the small town of Maritt, Shepton, Shamste. There is also the Weston Fruit Winery in the Machimacor area of Herefordshire.

In the 17th to 18th centuries, lead poisoning related to fruit wine consumption occurred in Devon. In the early 19th century, a campaign to remove lead from fruit juice extractors was launched. In Herefordshire, lead salts added to fruit wine as a sweetener for fruit wine have also caused lead poisoning, so fruit wine is cheaper to sell than sugar.

Wales

Welsh calls fruit wine "seidr".

Fruit wine, as a drink for workers, is made on the farm through small-scale production, and it has disappeared in the 20th century. But in the 21st century, the production of Welsh cider and pear wine began to recover on a large scale, and many small companies entered the production field. The "Strive for Bulk Beer" campaign has greatly promoted this trend. At the "Strive for Bulk Beer" festival, Welsh cider and pear wine have also won many awards. At the same time, the establishment of fruit wine groups (such as the British fruit wine group, the Welsh Fruit Wine Association) disrupted the communication between fruit wine manufacturers.

The varieties of apples and pears in Wales are different from those in England, so the taste of Welsh fruit wines is very different from the surrounding areas.

Scotland

Scotch wine production is mostly small-scale, such as ThistlyCross and Waulkmill Cider are relatively small producers. Locally sold fruit wines are made mainly from apples from Scotland. ThistlyCross produces fruity fruit wines and sells them at the Vitros store in Scotland. The fruit wine produced by WaulkmillCider is made from apples in the Dumfries and Gaville area, and is mainly sold on farms and festivals.

What is real fruit wine

The Campaign for Bulk Beer defines "True Fruit Wine" as a product that contains at least 90% of fresh apple juice without the addition of flavors and colors. This definition bans the use of apples and pears, and it is also forbidden to add sugar to the fruit juice (sugar before fermentation), unless sugar in the fruit naturally decreases after a few years. This definition also allows sweeteners to be added to enhance the taste after fermentation and limited dilution after fermentation. The Campaign for Bulk Beer believes that adding a certain amount of sugar during the fermentation stage to produce high-alcohol (1214%) beverages, and then diluting it with water to 8.5% or lower is not in line with the "real fruit wine" definition.

On a broader level, British law defines fruit wine as containing at least 35% apple or pear juice, which may require the use of additives.

cider

United States

In colonial America, cider was used as the main ingredient in meals because drinking water was often unsafe. Light apple juice is a mild alcoholic beverage produced from fruit pomace, which was also available at the time. Some time after the ban was promulgated, the term fruit wine refers to unfiltered, unfermented apple juice. In today's society, the term refers to both squeezed fresh fruit juices and fermented products, although fermented products are also called cider. Meanwhile, apple juice refers to transparent, filtered and sterilized apple products.

For example, in Pennsylvania, cider can be legally defined as "a fruit juice produced by pressing apples, which should be amber, opaque, unfermented, and completely free of alcohol." Fruit wine, then at least half of the text should be used to describe its taste. Fruit-wine products contain natural or artificial colors and flavors, which are generally considered safe. Apple juice with an alcohol content of more than 0.15% can be classified as fruit wine.

Fruit wine can also refer to filtered sparkling wine, such as "Martinelli" sparkling wine, which was once declared as "non-alcoholic fruit wine" to attract customers. Depending on the region, Martinelli can be sold as fruit wine or fruit juice.

Alcoholic cider is produced throughout the United States, especially in New England, Michigan, upstate New York, and the West Coast of the United States, with new manufacturers emerging in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Some American products claim that their fruit wine is made by adding unflavored alcohol to unfermented fruit juice. This juice ingredient is a pressed fruit apple, not a fruit wine apple.

According to US tax law, when sugar or other fruit is added to fruit wine, and secondary fermentation is used to increase its alcohol content, fruit wine can be defined as cider.