What Is a Cyanohydrin?
Acetone cyanohydrin (: 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile; cyanopropanol; 2-methyl-2-hydroxypropionitrile) is used in the production of methyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, etc. It is also used as a synthetic pesticide, It is very toxic to the respiratory and digestive systems, and it will produce moderate toxicity after skin absorption.
- Chinese name
- Acetone cyanohydrin
- English name
- acetone cyanohydrin
- nickname
- 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile, cyanopropanol, 2-methyl-2-hydroxypropionitrile
- Chemical formula
- (CH3) 2C (OH) CN
- Molecular weight
- 85.1045
- CAS Registry Number
- 75-86-5
- EINECS registration number
- 200-909-4
- Melting point
- -19
- Boiling point
- 95
- Flash point
- 63
- Acetone cyanohydrin (: 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile; cyanopropanol; 2-methyl-2-hydroxypropionitrile) is used in the production of methyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, etc. It is also used as a synthetic pesticide, It is very toxic to the respiratory and digestive systems, and it will produce moderate toxicity after skin absorption.
Acetone cyanohydrin Basic Information
- Product name: Acetone cyanohydrin
- Product English name: Acetone cyanohydrin; 2-Hydroxy isobutyronitrile; 2-Methyl-2-hydroxy propionitrile
- Product alias: 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile; cyanopropanol; 2-methyl-2-hydroxypropionitrile
- Molecular formula: (CH 3 ) 2 C (OH) CN
- CAS No .: 75-86-5
- EINECS: 200-909-4 [1]
- Molecular structure diagram:
- Acetone cyanohydrin
- EINECS number: 200-909-4
Molecular weight: 85.1045 [1]
InChI: InChI = 1 / C4H7NO / c1-4 (2,6) 3-5 / h6H, 1-2H3
Water soluble: miscible
Vapor pressure: 0.566mmHg at 25 ° C
Dangerous goods mark: T +: Very toxic; N: Dangerous for the environment;
Risk term: R26 / 27/28:; R50 :;
Safety term: S27:; S45:; S60:; S61:; S7 / 9 :;
Acetone cyanohydrin physicochemical properties
- Colorless to pale yellow liquid.
- Melting point: -19 ° C.
- The boiling point is 95 ° C.
- The relative density is 0.932 (20/4 ° C).
- The refractive index nD (20 ° C) is 1.3996.
- Flash point is 63 ° C.
- Soluble in water and common organic solvents, but insoluble in petroleum ether and carbon disulfide.
Acetone cyanohydrin product uses
- Used in the production of methyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, etc., and also used in the synthesis of pesticides [2] .
- It is very toxic to the respiratory and digestive systems, and it will produce moderate toxicity after skin absorption. Mice died in 90 seconds in steam. The production workshop should be well ventilated. Operators should wear special protective clothing and hats. No part of the body should be exposed. Those who are poisoned should be treated immediately. The oral LD50 of the rat was 170 ml / kg.
Acetone cyanohydrin packaging and transportation
- The production and use of this product are often in the same place and do not need to be transferred. Storage and transportation according to toxic chemicals regulations.
Preparation method of acetone cyanohydrin
- The effect of sodium cyanide and concentrated sulfuric acid is hydrocyanic acid. Hydrocyanic acid is purified by distillation and reacts with acetone to form acetone cyanohydrin (the raw material hydrocyanic acid can also use the by-product of acrylonitrile). The laboratory synthesis or reagent production is the same as the above process route. The operation method is as follows: In a 5L three-necked flask, add a solution of 500g (9.7mol) of powdery sodium cyanide and 1.2L of water and 900ml (713g, 12.3mol). )acetone. Place the flask in an ice bath and stir vigorously. When the temperature dropped to 15 ° C, 2.1L (8.5mol) of 40% sulfuric acid was slowly added, and the addition was completed within 3h and maintained at 10-20 ° C. After the acid was added, stirring was continued for 15 min. Let stand to allow the salt to settle. The resulting acetone cyanohydrin was decanted by a decantation method and separated from the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer was filtered and washed with acetone. The filtrate and washings were combined and extracted with ether. The extract was combined with the previously separated acetone cyanohydrin. Dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Ether and acetone were evaporated on a water bath. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure, and the fraction was collected at 78-82 ° C at 2.0-2.67kPa. The product was 640-650 g with a yield of 77-78%. Product specifications: As an intermediate for organic glass production, it is a brown-yellow liquid with a content of 93%. Raw material consumption quota: sodium cyanide (> 93%) 557kg / t, acetone (98%) 650kg / t, sulfuric acid (93%) 704kg / t.
Acetone cyanohydrin application
- Acetone cyanohydrin is widely used in civil, industrial, decoration, military and other fields. As the acetone cyanohydrin molecule contains active o-hydroxyl and nitrile groups, it can undergo a series of reactions such as hydrolysis, dehydration, alcoholysis, ammonolysis, cyclization, etc., and many derivatives are widely used as medicine, pesticides, food and feed additives, coating Fine chemical products such as additives. Acetone cyanohydrin is also an important chemical intermediate. Its main purpose is to produce methyl methacrylate, which is then made into plexiglass; it can also be used to produce important initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile and pesticides. As an important organic synthesis intermediate, the development of acetone cyanohydrin has significant significance for promoting the development of organic glass industry and fine chemical industry. Acetone cyanohydrin is also used in the preparation of synthetic materials and other organic compounds. Acetone cyanohydrin is mainly used for the production of methyl methacrylate. About 95% of acetone cyanohydrin in China is used for the preparation of MMA.
Acetone cyanohydrin
- 1. The national regulations on the storage and transportation of chemical dangerous goods must be implemented during the storage and transportation of this product. Special tank trucks must have static conductive grounding measures and fire fighting equipment.
- 2. Avoid contact with acids and alkalis or store in the same place, and keep away from fire and heat sources. This product should not be stored for long.
- 3. This product must be filled with a gas mask when filling. The maximum allowable concentration in the air in the operating area does not exceed 0.9mg / m.
- 4. The extinguishing agent of this product is carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam, etc. When this product leaks, it should be treated with sodium thiosulfate or ferrous sulfate solution, and then rinsed with a large amount of water. The flushing water is put into a wastewater treatment system for treatment.