What is the treatment of brain edema?

Cerebral edema is the easiest to be seen as swelling of the brain due to excessive accumulation of water outside the brain cells or inside the brain cells. The brain is almost completely surrounded by a stubborn bony skull and has a small area for expansion. Expansion in the area it naturally has can cause injury and cell death, even if the brain is trying to release excessive pressure by expanding through foramen magnum - opening, where the spinal cord enters the brain - in the process of herniation. Treatment almost always includes attention to the primary disease or condition that led to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). First, however, the treatment of brain edema often requires immediate measures to mechanical alleviation of ICP, such as drilling a small hole as in ventricularnostomy or removing part of the skull into decompressive craniectomy, along with the administration of osmolytic fluid to draw excess fluid from the brain.

The patient's pathology will strongly affect aspects of his treatment on brain edema. Although patients experience a combination of brain causesHo edema as pathological cascades along known symptoms, brain edema was generally divided into three subtypes: cytotoxic, vasogenic and interstitial, also called hydrocephalic. Depending on which subtype is, they may or may or may not be used. Steroids reduce swelling by reducing total tissue inflammation. The osmolytic fluids reduce intracellular water by drawing excessive water by concentrated intravenous (IV) of fluids.

correct oxygenation, usually through respirator, is the main treatment of the brain edema. Brain cells that have been injured by the original trauma or subsequent swelling require sufficient oxygen to remain alive and to avoid the release of vasodilators that can further increase fluid in the area. Brain cells lacking sufficient oxygen or recognition of too large amounts of carbon dioxide often release these natural vasodilators in an effortIncrease their local blood flow, increase oxygen and reduce carbon dioxide. In situations involving brain edema, however, this reflexive effect may lead to even greater excess fluid and pressure.

Another form of treatment of brain edema is to control the temperature of the brain and the rest of the body. Depending on the instructions of a particular therapeutic facility, hypothermic treatment may be initiated. In most cases, however, the aim of normal body temperature and prophylactic acetaminophene is often administered rectally. Fountain - condition in which the body temperature increases significantly and causes various side effects - avoids at all costs. The reason for these treatments is the theoretical assumption that feverish brain cells require more oxygen and protoruda a larger volume of blood flow.

Treatment of brain edema must often be carried out with great care. To ensure proper oxygenation, it is necessary to contribute to the edema of the adequate volume of blood and perfusion of the brain and brain cells. Osmolytic fluids can reduce intracellular brain eDem, but too many of this type of infusion can lead to systemic dehydration and reduce oxygen into brain cells. Postural treatment of brain edema can reduce ICP and at the same time endanger the risk of other complications. Treatment of brain edema is almost always performed on a unit of neurological intensive care, where careful monitoring can prevent complications.