What Is a Glucoside?

A glycoside that uses glucose as a sugar component. It is a structure with various ligands and glucose reducing groups. These compounds are collectively called glucosides.

Glucosides exist in a variety of forms in nature. Common or more commonly used ones are alkyl glucosides, polyethylene glycol glucosides, and isoflavone glucosides.

Alkyl glucoside

Alkyl glucoside has the advantages of both ordinary nonionic and anionic surfactants: high surface activity, high viscosity, rich foam, fine and stable; compound synergistic effect with other surfactants; strong dispersion ability for calcium soap Can be used in hard water; very low irritation to epidermis, mucosa and living cells; easy to biodegrade in natural environment and less environmental pollution. APG is made by the condensation of starch or its hydrolyzed sugar with fatty alcohol. The raw material source is very wide. In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to it.

Alkyl oligoglycosides are present in trace amounts in plants. The artificial synthesis of alkyl glucosides began in 1893. Emil Fischer of Germany first synthesized ethyl glycosides with ethanol and glucose under the catalysis of hydrochloric acid. It was not until the late 1980s that APG achieved industrialization. In 1978, the French company Seppic built the world's first industrial plant. China's practical research on APG started in the mid-1980s and also applied for some patents, but the work in industrialized production has made little progress. Tianjin Interface Research Institute has developed a method for directly synthesizing pure APG with excess sugar (target polymerization degree sugar) and fatty alcohol. The concentration of APG in the product reaches 85% to 90%, but industrialization needs to be solved. ^[1]

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) glucoside

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) glucoside is a kind of polyhydric alcohol glucoside, which is formed by the dehydration condensation of glucose and polyethylene glycol through acetalization. This polyol can be used in the preparation of machine-washing dishwashing detergents. After further research, it was found that the moisturizing ability of the mixture prepared after glycosylation of polyethylene glycol was significantly stronger than that of polyethylene glycol itself, and it is a new cosmetic moisturizer yet to be developed. This mixture can also be esterified with higher fatty acids to synthesize easily biodegradable surfactants. The moisturizing ability of polyethylene glycol glucoside is equivalent to that of glycerin, which indicates that at a higher concentration, the moisturizing ability of polyethylene glycol glucoside is more prominent, of which polyethylene glycol 400 glucoside is both at low and high concentrations. Has moisturizing power equivalent to glycerin. Since polyethylene glycol glucoside has lower moisture absorption capacity at higher humidity and better moisturizing capacity at lower humidity, its humidity self-control ability is better than glycerol and polyethylene glycol. Good stability. Cream cosmetics now formulated with polyethylene glycol glucoside have higher whiteness, smooth and non-greasy. Due to its relatively high molecular weight (300-800), it can form a film on the skin surface without penetrating to the inside. The cosmetics formulated with glycerin have a strong greasy feeling, and easily penetrate into the inner layer of the skin, absorbing the internal moisture of the skin, and long-term use is not good for the skin. Polyethylene glycol glucoside is synthesized from glucose and polyethylene glycol as raw materials.The raw material cost is low, the synthesis method is simple, and the synthesis process has no three wastes.Glucose is a natural renewable resource, which is in line with the consumer psychology of returning to nature and is expected to become Substitutes for traditional cosmetic moisturizers such as glycerin and polyethylene glycol ^[3]

Verbascum glucoside

As one of the main active ingredients in Astragalus, flavonoids have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer properties. A certain dose of total flavonoid extract of Fructus Aurantii has good prevention and treatment effect on rat model of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid. According to research reports, flavonoids, isoflavones, isoflavones, and red sandals, dioxoflavones, and red sandalene have been isolated from astragalus plants to date, mainly verbas isoflavones, verbas isoflavone glycosides, and formosan Anthocyanins and formononetin. Verbascum isoflavone glucoside is one of the main flavones in Astragalus membranaceus, which can effectively inhibit hyaluronidase activity in vitro.