What Is Lateral Flexion?

Radial flexor muscle: The radial flexor muscle is the wrist radial flexor muscle and is an important component of the wrist flexor muscle. The radial flexor muscle of the wrist descends along the medial edge of the radial bone and stops at the second (some are 3) Proximal metacarpal bone; the tendon is wrapped in a synovial sheath at the wrist.

Radial flexor muscle: The radial flexor muscle is the wrist radial flexor muscle and is an important component of the wrist flexor muscle. The radial flexor muscle of the wrist descends along the medial edge of the radial bone and stops at the second (some are 3) Proximal metacarpal bone; the tendon is wrapped in a synovial sheath at the wrist.

Chinese name

Radial flexor

Foreign name

radial flexor muscle of wrist

Overview of radial flexor muscles

Wrist flexor muscle: A flexor wrist muscle located on the inside of the forearm. There are radial wrist and ulnar flexors, starting from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon. The wrist radial flexor muscles descend down the posterior direction of the medial edge of the radius and stop at the proximal end of the 2nd (some are 3rd) metatarsal; the tendon is wrapped with a synovial sheath at the wrist. The ulnar carpi flexor muscle runs behind the wrist radial flexor muscle and stops at the accessory bowl.

Radial flexor wrist joint exposure

Wrist radial incision is suitable for delayed healing or non-union bone grafting of carpal scaphoid fractures. Surgical steps: The incision is made from the base of the first metacarpal bone, through the radial fossa of the wrist, and slightly obliquely dorsally between the long and short extensor hallucis, and a proximal 5 cm incision is made. Cut the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and see the cephalic vein and superficial branch of radial nerve. A deep fascia was cut between the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the short hallux extensor muscle, exposing the long hallux extensor tendon, long hall abductor tendon, and short hallux extensor tendon, and then dissected to the deep side to expose the radial arteries and veins. Then, pull the cephalic vein, the superficial branch of the radial nerve, and the long extensor hallucis tendon to the dorsal side, pull the radial artery, long abductor tendon, and short extensor hallucis tendon to the palm, and cut the wrist radial collateral ligament and joint capsule. Exposing the radial styloid process, scaphoid, and large and small polygons. The indications of the carpal palmar incision are: reduction and reduction of dislocation of the lumbar bone. Lunar bone removal. Carpal tunnel incision and decompression. Operation steps: The incision starts from the wrinkles between the big and small fishes, and an "S" -shaped incision is made about 6-8 cm long to the wrist near the horizontal line. Cut the skin, subcutaneous tissue, deep fascia, and palmar ligament, and pull the palmar long tendon to expose the transverse wrist ligament. Cut the transverse carpal ligament longitudinally to reveal the carpal tunnel and its contents. After separating the median nerve, pull it with a rubber membrane to protect the radial side, and pull the long palmar tendon, radial wrist flexor and longus flexor tendon to the radial side, and the deep and superficial flexor tendons to the ulnar side. Reveal the wrist joint capsule. The indications for the dorsal incision of the wrist are: removal of tuberculosis of the wrist and wrist joint. Wrist synovectomy. Wrist fusion and tumor resection of the lower radius. Surgical steps: The incision starts from the distal 2 cm of the base of the 3rd metacarpal bone, and an S -shaped incision of about 6 to 8 cm in length is made on the wrist. Cut the skin and subcutaneous tissue, distract the subcutaneous vein and dorsal cutaneous nerve of the forearm, and longitudinally cut the deep fascia and dorsal ligament of the wrist. Pull the long hallux extensor tendon to the radial side, refer to the total extensor tendon, indicate that the inherent extensor tendon is directed to the ulnar side, and the wrist joint capsule can be exposed. Cut the switch of the capsule to reveal the carpal and radial joints.

Radial flexor application

Application of radial reflex wrist flexor H reflex in postoperative evaluation of nerve root type cervical spondylosis:

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is the most common type of cervical spondylosis, accounting for about 50% to 60%. C6 and C7 nerve root involvement accounts for up to 81.3% of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Clinically, conservative treatment is still the main method for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, but surgical treatment may be a wise choice for those who are ineffective for long-term conservative treatment and the patient cannot tolerate the corresponding symptoms. Recent studies have shown that scoring systems such as NDI, SF-36, SF-12, and VAS pain scores are all more reliable methods for evaluating the efficacy of treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, but because individuals have different tolerances for discomfort and pain, so Evaluation using a rating scale is more susceptible to subjective factors. Radial wrist flexor H reflex is a conventional and reliable neuroelectrophysiological technique for evaluating C6 and C7 nerve root cervical spondylosis. Therefore, in this study, we tried to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of C6 or C7 nerve root cervical spondylosis by changing the electrophysiological parameters of the H-flexion of the radial wrist flexor muscles before and after surgery.

Radial wrist flexor H-reflex was first reported by Deschwytere in 1976. Sabbahi and colleagues studied the effects of different head postures on radial wrist flexor H-reflex, and proved that nerve root compression can cause radial wrist The changes of flexor H reflexes further clarified the diagnostic value of radial wrist flexor H reflexes for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Jabre first used surface electrodes to record the radial wrist flexor H reflex in 1981. Since then, this method has been widely used in the research of radial wrist flexor H reflex. This is mainly because the surface electrode can more accurately record the amplitude of the H-flexion of the radial wrist flexor muscle than the needle electrode, but because the forearm is dominated by the median nerve and the distribution is more dense, it is recorded by the surface electrode Parameters of the H reflex to the radial wrist flexor muscles are susceptible to volume conduction from other muscle sources. Therefore, in this study, we chose concentric circular needle electrodes as the method to record H reflection. Since the concentric circular needle electrodes mainly record the potential difference between the core and the outer sleeve of the needle, the recording is limited to the range of 500 m diameter around the needle tip. The amplitude of the amplitude generated by the muscle fibers inside and the potential recorded by the muscle fibers within a diameter of 2.5 mm. Therefore, the use of concentric circular needles as the recording electrode can confirm that the H reflex does indeed originate from the radial wrist flexor muscles, not the muscles dominated by other median nerves, thereby recording the reliable M wave and the initial latency of the H reflex. In addition to volume conduction, another type of electrophysiological factor that easily confuses the H-flexion of the radial wrist flexor muscle is the F wave, which is usually transmitted from the motor fibers to the replacement unit and then from the motor nerve fibers during ultra-strong electrical stimulation. Because the F-wave latency is close to the H reflection, it is easy to cause confusion. However, in this study, through the weak to strong electrical stimulation, we have observed the classic phenomenon of all available H reflections ranging from small to large, and then gradually shrinking until disappearing, so as to clearly proceed with the F wave. Makes a difference.