What is the extrapyramidal system?
Extrapyramidal system is a neural network in the central nervous system that helps to regulate and modulate movement. It is part of the motor system together with a pyramidal or corticospinal tract. This network is formed from regions in the human brain, such as pony and medulla, and continues in Meissen. The intake of substances or drugs can affect the extrapyramidal system, leading to motion and balance disorders.
The extrapyramidal system indirectly controls movement. It is also referred to as an indirect activation path of motor functions. Above all, the extrapyramidal system is involved in maintaining balance, coordination, posture, muscle tone and reflexes. For example, when a person tries to keep the posture erect when sitting or standing, many muscles coordinated. This coordination is under involuntary control of extrapyramidal pathways, rated rabrospinal tract, tectospinal tract, reticulospinal tract, an and vestibulospital tract.
Anatomically, the extrapyramidal system consists of a collection of neurons in the brain stem, including a red core, superior colicles, reticular formation and vestibular core. Large red core axons form a rabrospinal tract and help control the movements of the upper limbs. Vestibular nuclei receive input from inner ear, spinal cord and cerebellum and forms a vestibulospinal tract for postural throat, head, trunk and limbs. In addition, excellent colliculus is a tectospinal tract that is important in reflective heads of head and eyes, such as lid closure before a foreign body can reach the eye. Finally, reticular formations form a reticulospinal tract that is necessary in muscle control.
When a disease or condition affecting the extrapyramidal system occurs, abnormalils observe the bonds of muscle tone, reflexes and posture. A set of symptoms called extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) may occur as a result of drug intake or substances that act on the brain and Jeho Signal paths. The antipsychotic drug haloperidol, which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia, can cause EPS.
EPS examples include Akinesia, Akathisia, Torticollis and Dyskinesia. A person with an acinesia has difficulty starting the movement, while a person with Akathisia is restless and cannot stay calm. The causes of torticollis are a person who experiences painful neck cramps. Dyskinesis causes uncontrollable face ticks.
Rabbit syndrome, fine and involuntary rhythmic movements of the mouth without the involvement of the language is a rare set of EPS due to years of antipsychotic treatment. Drugs most commonly involved in rabbit syndrome are haloperidol, pimoside and fluphenazine. Rabbit syndrome, which was also associated with prolonged Olanzapinete, Clozapine and Risperidone. Unfortunately, this syndrome cannot be easily handled. If antipsychotic drugs are needed, the patient may be moved to atypical antipsychotic drugs such as quetiapine and remoxipride that have less likely to cause rabbit syndrome.