What are genetic markers?
Genetic markers are DNA sequences that have been monitored to specific places on chromosomes and associated with specific features. They show polymorphism, which means that genetic markers in different organisms of the same kind are different. A classic example of a genetic marker is the DNA area that encodes blood type in humans: all people have and need blood, but the blood of individual people can differ very much due to polymorphism in the genome that encodes blood.
There are many applications for genetic markers. One of the most obvious is the monitoring of heredity and the history of properties, from eye color to genetic diseases. Understanding which genome areas are involved in the inheritance of specific features can help scientists understand these features, and this can sometimes be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. For example, several genetic markers are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and women with these markers may opt for more aggressive preventive care in solving thisrisks. The search for specific genetic markers can be compared to unknown samples with unknown samples or samples to determine whether the samples are connected or identical. DNA testing usually includes a comparison of several alleles, not only one, to confirm that the similarities between samples are truly meaningful.
Some genetic markers are whole genes, while others are DNA snippets that do not necessarily have a function. They may occur at one point in the genome or more areas, sometimes on different chromosomes. Genetic markers can also consist of repetitive DNA sources; Polymorphism These recurring sources are extremely interesting for scientists studying inheritance of numerous features.
variations between genetic markers in two people can sometimes be very fine, but these small variations can have a huge difference. Once the genome has been seized, scientists began to focus on identifying genetic markerThey can learn more about how the genome was arranged. Identifying new markers is a careful process that includes DNA processing from related individuals or people with the same genetic state to find common features that could be used to determine specific features. Especially when brands appear at multiple points in the genome and interact with each other, their monitoring can be very demanding.