What is the autosome?
In the cell nucleus, DNA is arranged in discrete structures called chromosomes. Cells in sexually reproductive organisms have two copies of each chromosome, called homologous chromosomes. One copy comes from a male parent and one comes from a woman. The gender of the organism is determined by two chromosomes or one pair, so they are called sex chromosomes. The rest of the chromosomes are referred to as autosomes.
For example, people have 46 chromosomes or 23 chromosomes. Karyotype is a picture made of all chromosomes in the core. In the karyotype of human cells, couples are one to 22 pairs of autosomes, while a couple 23 consist of sex chromosomes. The paired autosomes are arranged from one to 22 in a declining size. In a normal cell, a pair of chromosomes usually has an identical shape and size and has the same genes in the same place.
Each chromosome has a specific set of genes that code for different functions, Wale sex chromosome or autosome. Genes are similar but may not be identicky because one comes from each parent. Each autosome can contain a different type of gene or allele. Depending on the gene, there may be several different alleles. Different alleles can interact in different ways, causing the characteristics to be expressed differently.
Some alleles are always expressed over others, so they are said to be dominant alleles. Other alleles are only expressed if there are two copies of this allele. This type of allele is reportedly recessive. Finally, some alleles can interact and be partially expressed depending on what is the corresponding allele. Some features that are caused by genes found at autosomes are considered to be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive based on alleles and how the characteristics is expressed.
about half of the genetic diseases in humans is caused by autosome. The disease could be caused by aBnormality to autosome, as is the case with Down syndrome. This disease is caused by autosomal trisomy of chromosome 21. Autosomal trisomy leads when the cell has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of two. Many of these types of abnormalities result in the death of the fetus or inanimate birth.
other diseases are caused by an allele present in a particular gene locus. Autosomal dominant disease is caused by the dominant gene on the autozome, which means that if a parent is affected, there is a 50% chance that children will also be affected. An example of an autosomal dominant disease is Huntington's disease.
with an autosomal recessive disease, the disease will only be present if both copies of the gene are recessive. Many people can have one copy of the recessive gene, so they will not have the disease, but they will be a carrier. Offspring has 25% transmission of the disease from the infected parent and 50% of being by the carrier. Cystic fibrosis is a common example of an autosomal recessive disease.